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荐读:Sleep is a therapeutic window for photostimulation of...

已有 37 次阅读 2026-3-9 14:58 |系统分类:博客资讯

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sleep is a therapeutic window for photostimulation of drainage of aging brain    

Terskov Andrey, Adushkina Viktoria, Shirokov Alexander, Navolokin Nikita, Blokhina Inna, Zlatogorskaya Daria, Semiachkina-Glushkovskaia Anastasiia, Konstancia Sonina, Evsyukova Arina, Elizarova Inna, Tuzhilkin Matvey, Dmitrenko Alexander, Dubrovsky Alexander, Myagkov Dmitry, Popov Sergey, Tuktarov Dmitry, Ilyukov Egor, Tzoy Maria, Fedosov Ivan, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya Oxana

2025, 18(4): 22.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-025-00168-0

AbstractAge is a limiting factor in the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) for brain drainage and cognitive functions. Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) are "tunnels" for removal of toxins from the brain and the target of PBM. Age-related decline in the MLV functions is one of the mechanisms by which the effects of PBM on brain drainage and cognitive process are limited. Sleep is a time of natural activation of brain drainage. Recent findings have shown that PBM during sleep has greater effects on lymphatic clearance of beta-amyloid and cognitive function in young and middle-age mice. Based on these data, this study tested the hypothesis that sleep enhances the effects of PBM on MLVs and cognitive function in the aging brain. Indeed, the results revealed that PBM during sleep, but not during wakefulness, has stimulatory effects on lymphatic clearance of beta-amyloid from the brain of old mice that improves memory. In sleep deficit experiments, it was found that chronic sleep deprivation is accompanied by suppression of brain drainage and removal of metabolites from the brain, such as beta-amyloid, tau, glutamate, lactate and glucose in young, middle-aged and most significantly in old mice. The course of PBM during sleep contributed better than in wakefulness to the restoration of the brain level of tested metabolites in young and middle-aged mice, while in old mice only PBM during sleep was effective. These results open a new strategy for the use of PBM during sleep to improve the efficacy of PBM on clearance of toxic metabolites from the brain, especially in aged subjects in whom the efficacy of PBM during wakefulness is limited.

研究背景

衰老是神经退行性疾病(如阿尔茨海默病)的主要风险因素,常伴随大脑代谢物清除功能下降和认知障碍。经颅光生物调节(PBM)作为一种非药物疗法,在改善认知方面展现出潜力,但其疗效在老年个体中显著受限。脑膜淋巴管(MLVs)是大脑清除毒素(如β-淀粉样蛋白)的关键通道,其功能随年龄增长而衰退。睡眠是大脑引流系统自然激活的时期。前期研究表明,睡眠期间的PBM对年轻和中年小鼠的淋巴清除和认知功能有更强的促进作用。因此,本研究旨在验证睡眠是否能成为增强PBM对衰老大脑引流功能及认知改善疗效的治疗窗口

主要内容

本研究系统探讨了在睡眠(PBM+sleep)与清醒(PBM+wake)状态下进行PBM,对不同年龄(31224月龄)小鼠大脑代谢物清除、引流功能及认知的影响。重点研究了PBMβ-淀粉样蛋白()清除、多种脑内代谢物(Aβ, Tau蛋白,谷氨酸,乳酸,葡萄糖)水平,以及慢性睡眠剥夺(CSD)所致大脑引流抑制的逆转作用,并探究了其背后的潜在机制。

创新点

  • 提出并验证了新治疗策略:首次明确提出了 睡眠是增强PBM对衰老大脑疗效的治疗窗口这一概念。实验证实,对于老年小鼠,仅在睡眠期间进行PBM才能有效刺激大脑引流、清除代谢物并改善认知,而在清醒期间进行PBM则无效。

  • 揭示了年龄与干预时机的交互作用:系统比较了PBM在不同年龄小鼠睡眠与清醒状态下的效果差异。研究发现,PBM+wake对年轻和中年睡眠剥夺小鼠有效,但对老年小鼠完全无效;而PBM+sleep对所有年龄段均有效,这在老年个体中尤为重要。

方法

  • 动物模型:使用年轻(3月)、中年(12月)、老年(24月)雄性C57BL/6小鼠,建立急性(ASD)与慢性睡眠剥夺(CSD)模型。

  • 光生物调节:采用1050 nm LED10 J/cm²)进行为期10天的干预,通过脑电图(EEG)实时监测并自动区分睡眠(NREM)与清醒状态,实现精准时相给光。

  • 代谢物定量:ELISAHPLC等方法检测脑内Tau、谷氨酸、乳酸、葡萄糖水平。

  • 引流功能评估:向侧脑室注射荧光示踪剂(FITC-右旋糖酐),通过离体荧光成像和在体实时双光子显微镜观察其在大脑组织、PVSdcLNs中的分布与清除。

  • 认知功能测试:采用巴甫洛夫条件反射(光-食物关联) 自动化操作箱评估学习记忆能力。

  • 组织学分析:免疫荧光染色与共聚焦显微镜观察沉积及淋巴管结构。

主要结果

  • 对老年小鼠的疗效:PBM+sleep(而非PBM+wake) 能显著降低老年小鼠脑内及脑膜中的水平(分别降低1.6倍和1.4倍),并明显改善其认知功能(减少训练次数,增加奖励获得)。

  • 睡眠剥夺的影响:CSD(而非ASD)显著抑制各年龄段小鼠的大脑引流功能,并导致多种脑代谢物积累,且这种效应在老年小鼠中最为严重。

  • PBM对睡眠剥夺的逆转:在CSD小鼠中,PBM+sleep能有效维持所有年龄段小鼠脑代谢物于基础水平。而PBM+wake仅对年轻和中年CSD小鼠有效,对老年CSD小鼠无效。

  • 引流机制:在体及离体实验均证实,PBM+sleep能特异性增强老年小鼠脑内PVS的示踪剂流动及向dcLNs的淋巴引流,而PBM+wake无此效果。

总结

研究证实,睡眠是增强PBM对衰老大脑疗效的关键窗口。PBM在睡眠期间实施,能有效刺激因年龄和睡眠剥夺而受损的大脑引流系统,促进毒性代谢物清除,从而改善认知功能。这为开发针对老年神经退行性疾病的新型时间治疗策略提供了重要理论依据和实践方向。

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以上文字基于AI生成,仅供参考;请以原文为准。



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