基于CFD的甘蔗收割机风机结构优化设计

周保成¹，韩极晨¹，武志杰¹，冯飞^1*，马少春^1,2*

(1. 中国农业大学工学院，北京100083，中国；

2. 智能农业动力装备全国重点实验室，洛阳471039，河南，中国)

摘要：为解决甘蔗机收过程中含杂率高和损失率大的问题，该研究采用计算流体力学（CFD）仿真方法分析了风机内部流场，并对其结构进行了优化，以提升甘蔗收获质量。通过对比仿真风速与风机出口实测风速进行模型验证，最大误差为5.29%，平均误差为4.71%，验证了仿真模型的准确性。

仿真分析结果表明，风机内部存在多处涡流，风机出口存在回流现象，清选室内也出现涡流，其主要原因在于结构几何形状的突变，这些现象最终导致较高的含杂率与损失率。针对上述问题，进行了风机结构优化设计：将导流罩外轮廓设计成光滑的弧形曲线，清选室下部进风口由矩形改为圆形，从而有效消除涡旋，提高气流分布均匀性。

在含杂率试验中，当收割机行驶速度为1 km/h时，优化前后在不同转速下的含杂率变化较小；当速度提高至2 km/h，低转速（1250 r/min）下的含杂率显著下降，降幅达21.52%；在3 km/h下，低速和中速（1450 r/min）条件下分别下降了19.84%和28.30%。

损失率试验结果显示，当风机转速为1250 r/min时，优化前后差异不明显；而在1450 r/min下，损失率显著下降，最大降幅为10.75%；1650 r/min时最大降幅为8.78%。优化后的风机在收割机高速作业（2~3 km/h）时显著降低了含杂率和损失率，适用于大规模、高效率收割作业，提升了收获效率。研究成果可为风机结构设计与性能提升提供理论依据，进一步提高收获质量，增加农民收益。

关键词：甘蔗收获；CFD；风机；结构优化

DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20251804.9323

引用信息: Zhou B C, Han J C, Wu Z J, Feng F, Ma S C. Optimal structure design of a sugarcane harvester extractor based onCFD. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2025; 18(4): 117–127.

点击阅读全文：Optimal structure design of a sugarcane harvester extractor based on CFD

Optimal structure design of a sugarcane harvester extractor based on CFD

Baocheng Zhou¹, Jichen Han¹, Zhijie Wu¹, Fei Feng^1*, Shaochun Ma^1,2*

(1. College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;

2. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, Luoyang 471039, Henan, China)

Abstract: To address the challenges of high impurity rate and cane loss rate in mechanized sugarcane harvesting, the internal flow field of the extractor was analyzed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, and the structure of the extractor was optimized to improve the harvesting quality. The simulation model was validated by comparing simulated and experimental wind speeds at the extractor outlet, yielding a maximum error of 5.29% and an average error of 4.71%, confirming the model’s accuracy. The analysis revealed that abrupt changes in structural geometry lead to significant airflow vortices within the discharge hood, a backflow phenomenon at the outlet, and additional vortices in the cleaning chamber, all of which ultimately result in high impurity rate and cane loss rate. To address these issues, the extractor’s structure was optimized, the outer contour of the discharge hood was designed as a smooth arc curve, and the lower air inlet of the cleaning chamber was changed from rectangular to circular, which eliminated the vortices and improved airflow uniformity. The impurity rate test showed that when the harvester driving speed was 1 km/h, the impurity rate level before and after optimization was comparable across different rotational speeds. At 2 km/h, the low-speed performance (1250 r/min) was significantly improved, reducing the impurity rate by 21.52%. At 3 km/h, the impurity rate decreased by 19.84% and 28.30% at low and medium speeds (1450 r/min), respectively. The cane loss rate test demonstrated that when the extractor speed was 1250 r/min, the difference before and after optimization was minimal. At 1450 r/min, the cane loss rate decreased significantly, with a maximum decrease of 10.75%. At 1650 r/min, the cane loss rate decreased by 8.78% at most. The optimized extractor significantly reduced the impurity rate and cane loss rate at higher harvester speeds (2-3 km/h), making it suitable for large-scale and high-speed harvesting operations and improving the harvesting efficiency. The research results will help to design and improve the performance of the extractor, thus improving the harvest quality and increasing farmers’ income.

Keywords: sugarcane harvest, CFD, extractor, structural optimization

DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20251804.9323

Citation: Zhou B C, Han J C, Wu Z J, Feng F, Ma S C. Optimal structure design of a sugarcane harvester extractor based onCFD. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2025; 18(4): 117–127.

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