1. Interactions between microbiota and innate immunity in tumor microenvironment: Novel insights into cancer progression and immunotherapy

hLife | 肿瘤微环境中的微生物与固有免疫互作：肿瘤免疫治疗新视角

通信作者：徐冉、韩新巍

本文总结了健康和肿瘤状态下微生物与宿主固有免疫系统之间错综复杂的相互作用，阐述了肿瘤发生发展过程中的免疫识别和极化调节，介绍了利用微生物进行肿瘤免疫治疗的最新进展和挑战，为基于微生物的创新肿瘤免疫疗法的开发提供了新视角。

引用：

Zhou Z, Lv Y, Zuo A, et al. Interactions between microbiota and innate immunity in tumor microenvironment: Novel insights into cancer progression and immunotherapy. hLife 2025; 3: 462–493.

2. Dissection of intratumor microbiome–host interactions at the single-cell level in lung cancer

hLife | 上海交大刘宁宁等团队揭示肺癌瘤内微生物组与宿主在单细胞水平相互作用机制

通信作者：吴文娟，郑小琪，刘宁宁

本研究整合了公开发表的6套共149个肺癌患者组织样本的单细胞RNA测序数据集（包含肺癌、癌旁和脑转移组织三种样本类型），利用SAHMI（宿主单细胞-微生物组互作技术）对单细胞转录组测序序列进行分析来识别与单细胞相关的微生物，通过排除潜在的污染和假阳性的微生物序列，同时去除多数据集整合的批次效应，最终确定了与单个宿主细胞相关的真实微生物序列。通过与对应组织的单细胞转录组联合分析，探究了单细胞分辨率下不同类型宿主细胞与肿瘤内特定细菌和真菌相互作用的潜在机制，为理解瘤内微生物组与肺癌发展的关系提供了新理论，有望发现新的癌症诊断和治疗靶点。

Ma YJ, Sun YC, Wang L, et al. Dissection of intratumor microbiome–host interactions at the single-cell level in lung cancer. hLife 2025; 3: 391–406.

3. Machine learning approach to predict prognosis and immunotherapy responses in colorectal cancer patients

hLife | 中国科学院微生物所王硕团队利用人工智能赋能结直肠癌免疫治疗预测

通信作者：王硕

本研究通过机器学习方法构建了一个高效且稳健的结直肠癌风险分层模型IRRS，揭示了肿瘤微环境与患者免疫反应之间的复杂关系。IRRS模型不仅具有较好的预后预测能力，为指导免疫治疗决策提供了依据，也为结直肠癌的基础研究和临床应用提供了潜在的生物标志物和治疗靶点。

Liu Z, Yu D, Xia P, et al. Machine learning approach to predict prognosis and immunotherapy responses in colorectal cancer patients. hLife 2025; 3: 172–186.

4. Pancreatic cancer cachexia: A systemic consequence of multi-organ interactions

hLife | 揭秘胰腺癌恶病质：一种由多器官失调引发的全身性“消耗疾病”

通信作者：刘旭东、梁艳珊、吴文铭

胰腺癌恶病质是一种复杂的多因素综合征，主要表现为进行性体重下降、骨骼肌和脂肪组织丧失以及系统性炎症。在超过60%的胰腺癌患者中可见其发生，显著降低了患者的体能，削弱了其对治疗的耐受性，并缩短了总体生存期。与单纯的饥饿不同，恶病质无法通过常规营养支持完全逆转，而目前临床上尚无针对这一种高致命性“消耗性疾病”的有效治疗手段。本文全面而深入地总结了胰腺癌恶病质的系统性本质，指出其是一种由肿瘤与机体多个器官之间相互作用驱动的全身性疾病。在未来的研究与临床中，呼吁学者采取跨学科整合策略，将肿瘤学、代谢学、免疫学和神经科学有机结合，深入探索胰腺癌恶病质的本质机制。这些新见解有望推动临床实践的转变，让患者切实获益。

Xiao A, Feng Y, Yin B, et al. Pancreatic cancer cachexia: A systemic consequence of multi-organ interactions. hLife 2025; 3: 576–614.

5. Recent advances in surgical management strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma

hLife | 原发性肝癌外科治疗新进展

通信作者：周俭

本文对术前评估、治疗技术、围手术期策略及创新临床试验在肝癌外科领域的最新进展进行阐释，并综述了HCC临床实践中的挑战，强调了外科治疗创新和系统治疗的贡献。

Ding ZB, Shi YH, Chen JF, et al. Recent advances in surgical management strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma. hLife 2024; 2: 439–453.

6. The promise of synthetic bacteria in cancer immunotherapy: Revitalizing tumor immunity via IL-10R modulation

通信作者：Jiahe Li, Allen P. Liu

Li J, Liu AP. The promise of synthetic bacteria in cancer immunotherapy: Revitalizing tumor immunity via IL-10R modulation. hLife 2025; 3: 459–461.

7. Cancer research revolutionized: Unveiling the power of organoids and their therapeutic potential in oncology

hLife | 癌症研究的革命: 揭示类器官的力量及其在癌症治疗中的潜力

通信作者：李敬，周西坤

本文综述了类器官的发展历史及其作为研究模型的优势，重点阐述了类器官在癌症发病机制研究及治疗中的研究进展，并重点讨论了类器官亟待解决的问题及其运用潜能，对类器官在癌症研究中的应用提供了综合全面的视野。

Zhang Y, Liu M, Xie N, et al. Cancer research revolutionized: Unveiling the power of organoids and their therapeutic potential in oncology. hLife 2025; 3: 216–236.

8. Current perspectives on neuroendocrine tumors

hLife | 神经内分泌肿瘤研究进展与展望

通信作者：Devendra Singh

本研究总结了目前NETs领域的研究进展，包括其发病机制、分类、临床表现、诊断方法、治疗选择和预后指征等，并为未来NETs的发病机制研究和治疗手段开发提供了新的见解。

Verma SK, Khare R, Singh D. Current perspectives on neuroendocrine tumors. hLife 2024; 2: 563–575.

9. Discoidin domain receptor 1 as a potent therapeutic target in solid tumors

hLife | DDR1：新兴实体瘤微环境调控靶点

通信作者：金腾川

本文讨论了人类跨膜蛋白盘状蛋白结构域受体1（DDR1）的结构、功能和病理特征，揭示了DDR1在实体瘤微环境中的作用，并提出了其作为潜在的治疗靶点的可行性。

Bibi S, Zeng W, Zheng P, et al. Discoidin domain receptor 1 as a potent therapeutic target in solid tumors. hLife 2024; 2: 454–466.

10. HiTIP-seq profiles epigenomic reprogramming of patient-derived diffuse midline glioma stem cells to epigenetic therapy

hLife | HiTIP-seq技术：为弥漫性中线胶质瘤治疗新策略提供新技术与科学依据

通信作者：胡亚伟、章薇、刘鹏

本研究基于微阵列芯片开发出一种高通量原位标记免疫沉淀测序技术（HiTIP-seq），不仅为弥漫性中线胶质瘤（Diffuse Midline Glioma, DMG）研究提供了新技术，更为其治疗新策略提供了科学依据。

Chen Z, Gao Q, Shang Y, et al. HiTIP-seq profiles epigenomic reprogramming of patient-derived diffuse midline glioma stem cells to epigenetic therapy. hLife 2024; 2: 471–487.

11. Histoplasmosis misdiagnosed as malignancies in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients

通信作者：Bassey E. Ekeng

Histoplasma infection affects both the immunocompetent and the immunocompromised, particularly in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). In the former, activities predisposing to severe exposure to Histoplasma conidia including farming, caving, mining, and environmental exposures have been implicated. However, HIV/AIDS remains a major driver of histoplasmosis, often associated with disseminated disease and fatal outcomes.

Benjamin OE, Bassey TE, Nwagboso CI, et al. Histoplasmosis misdiagnosed as malignancies in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. hLife 2025; 3: 386–390.

12. ACSS2: Tumor-promoting lactyl-CoA synthetase that drives histone lactylation

通信作者：尤忠胜

The specific enzymes that synthesize lactyl-CoA and catalyze protein lysine lactylation in mammalian cells remain a mystery. The role of protein lactylation in normal physiological conditions and pathological settings such as tumorigenesis also remains to be further explored.  A recent groundbreaking study by Zhu et al. has started to unravel these mysteries. Zhu et al. identified acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) as a bona fide lactyl-CoA synthetase that converts lactate to lactyl-CoA, which in turn serves as a substrate of the acetyltransferase/lactyltransferase KAT2A to directly lactylate histone H3. Interestingly, the activities of these enzymes play an important role in tumor growth and immune evasion in mouse models.

Wang KL, You Z. ACSS2: Tumor-promoting lactyl-CoA synthetase that drives histone lactylation. hLife 2025; 3: 118–120.