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[图片，小资料] 大气窗口(大气射电窗口) atmospheric radio window

已有 229 次阅读 2024-11-7 22:49 |个人分类:资料与科普|系统分类:科普集锦

[图片，小资料] 大气窗口(大气射电窗口) atmospheric radio window

大气窗口： atmospheric window

大气射电窗口： atmospheric radio window

大气特性： atmospheric characteristics

1604891759246051511_拉曲线黑白.png

图1 大气窗口示意图

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=111847&Type=bkzyb&SubID=94760

最科学、最准确

intro_1-1-jpg_稀疏.jpg

图2 intro_1-1-jpg.webp

https://smd-cms.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/intro_1-1-jpg.webp

https://science.nasa.gov/ems/01_intro

频率（波长）范围最宽

图3 x374.jpg

Figure 1.1: Ground-based astronomy is confined to the visible and radio atmospheric windows, wavelength ranges in which the atmosphere is nearly transparent. The radio window is much wider than the visible window when plotted on logarithmic wavelength or frequency scales, so it includes a wide range of astronomical sources and emission mechanisms. Radio astronomers usually measure (and think in terms of) frequencies ν=c/λ instead of wavelengths λ. Thus λ=0.3mm corresponds to ν=1 THz, the highest frequency accessible from the best terrestrial sites. The Earth’s ionosphere reflects radio waves longer than λ～30m (ν～10MHz). Abscissa: Wavelength. Ordinate: Atmospheric transmission. Image Credit: ESA/Hubble (F. Granato).

【机器翻译】图1.1：地面天文学仅限于可见光和射电大气窗口，即大气几乎透明的波长范围。当以对数波长或频率标度绘制时，无线电窗口比可见光窗口宽得多，因此它包括各种天文源和发射机制。射电天文学家通常测量（并考虑）频率ν=c/λ，而不是波长λ。因此，λ=0.3mm对应于ν=1 THz，这是从最佳陆地站点获得的最高频率。地球电离层反射的无线电波长度超过30米（10兆赫）。Abscissa：波长。坐标：大气传输。图片来源：ESA/哈勃（F.Granato）。

https://www.cv.nrao.edu/~sransom/web/x374.jpg

https://www.cv.nrao.edu/~sransom/web/Ch1.html

图4 spectral_bands_marked2_mid.jpg

http://physics.wku.edu/~gibson/radio/bands/spectral_bands_marked2_mid.jpg

http://physics.wku.edu/~gibson/radio/bands/

EMS-Introduction_稀疏.jpg

图5 EMS-Introduction.jpeg

https://smd-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/science-red/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/EMS-Introduction.jpeg

https://science.nasa.gov/ems/01_intro

图6 applsci-12-10429-g002.webp

https://www.mdpi.com/applsci/applsci-12-10429/article_deploy/html/images/applsci-12-10429-g002.png

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10429

The-atmospheric-transmission-windows-from-radio-to-X-ray-wavelengths-Figure-created-by.png

图7 The-atmospheric-transmission-windows-from-radio-to-X-ray-wavelengths-Figure-created-by.png

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Binh-Pham/publication/327860369/figure/fig1/AS:675756560629760@1538124327202/The-atmospheric-transmission-windows-from-radio-to-X-ray-wavelengths-Figure-created-by.jpg

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-atmospheric-transmission-windows-from-radio-to-X-ray-wavelengths-Figure-created-by_fig1_327860369

FIGURE 3 Window.jpg

图8 FIGURE 3 Window.jfif

http://employees.oneonta.edu/baumanpr/geosat2/RS-Introduction/FIGURE%203%20Window.JPG

http://employees.oneonta.edu/baumanpr/geosat2/RS-Introduction/RS-Introduction.html

Atmospheric_electromagnetic_transmittance_or_opacity.jpg

图9 Atmospheric_electromagnetic_transmittance_or_opacity.jpg

https://img1.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20071104233556/psychology/images/8/83/Atmospheric_electromagnetic_transmittance_or_opacity.jpg

https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/135260/can-someone-explain-to-me-the-concept-of-atmosphere-opacity

Robert-A.-Rohde-as-part-of-the-Global-Warming-Art-project-5-scaled.jpg

图10 Robert-A.-Rohde-as-part-of-the-Global-Warming-Art-project-5-scaled.jpg

The Solar Spectrum. Courtesy of NASA and Geoengineering.global.

太阳光谱。由美国国家航空航天局和地球工程全球公司提供。

https://geoengineering.global/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Robert-A.-Rohde-as-part-of-the-Global-Warming-Art-project-5-scaled.jpg

https://geoengineering.global/solar-radiation-management/

参考资料：

[1] 2022-12-23，大气窗口/atmospheric window/黄佑然，刘学富撰，黄永锋修订，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=533733&Type=bkzyb&SubID=163178

天体辐射中能穿透大气的一些波段。

[2] 2023-11-02，大气窗口/atmospheric window/张永红，郭明，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=120171&Type=bkzyb&SubID=115617

太阳光经过大气层时透过率较高的光谱波段。

[3] 2023-06-14，大气窗口/atmospheric window/方圣辉，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=111847&Type=bkzyb&SubID=94760

电磁波通过大气层时较少被反射、吸收和散射的透过率高的波段。

[4] 2024-04-29，大气窗口/atmospheric window/戴礼云，胡斯勒图，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=745994&Type=bkztb&SubID=1200

天体辐射中能穿透大气的一些波段。

[5] 2023-03-09，大气射电窗口/atmospheric radio window/钱志瀚，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=557933&Type=bkzyb&SubID=227638

[6] 2023-10-19，大气特性/atmospheric characteristics/丁雷，陆燕，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=569609&Type=bkzyb&SubID=237069

[7] Chapter 1, Introduction, 1.1 An Introduction to Radio Astronomy, Essential Radio Astronomy, James J. Condon and Scott M. Ransom

https://www.cv.nrao.edu/~sransom/web/Ch1.html

1.1.2 Atmospheric Windows

[8] NOAA, 2023-04-10, The Atmospheric Window

https://www.noaa.gov/jetstream/satellites/absorb

[9] Geoengineering.global, advancing the mitigation of Climate Change and Global Warming through Geoengineering education and research

https://geoengineering.global/solar-radiation-management/

[10] RADIO FREQUENCIES FOR SPACE COMMUNICATION, Australian Space Academy

https://www.spaceacademy.net.au/spacelink/radiospace.htm

[11] NASA Earthdata

https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/

Your Gateway to NASA  Earth Observation Data

The Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS) Program provides open access to NASA’s archive of Earth science data, empowering researchers and decision makers to better understand and protect our home planet.

相关链接：

[1] 2024-11-06，[图片，小资料] 地球大气密度、温度随高度的变化

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1458901.html

[2] 2024-09-27，[杂谈，讨论] 人类的终极能源（1）：外太空的太阳能

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1452999.html

[3] 2022-08-28，[讨论] 平流层反射太阳能，首选的“地球降温”方式？

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1352999.html

[4] 2010-09-01，NASA的大气层照片显示大气的层次

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-358165.html

[5] 2023-09-20，[小资料] 我国近年风能、太阳能分布图

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1403262.html

[6] 2021-08-15，感谢中国科学院《科学智慧火花》给贴出《高空机翼风筝发电设想》