Organelles of the plant cell cooperate to synthesize and secrete a strong yet flexible polysaccharide-based extracellular matrix: the cell wall. Cell wall composition varies among plant species, across cell types within a plant, within different regions of a single cell wall, and in response to intrinsic or extrinsic signals. This diversity in cell wall makeup is underpinned by common cellular mechanisms for cell wall production. Cellulose synthase complexes function at the plasma membrane and deposit their product into the cell wall. Matrix polysaccharides are synthesized by a multitude of glycosyltransferases in hundreds of mobile Golgi stacks, and an extensive set of vesicle trafficking proteins govern secretion to the cell wall. In this review, we discuss the different subcellular locations at which cell wall synthesis occurs, review the molecular mechanisms that control cell wall biosynthesis, and examine how these are regulated in response to different perturbations to maintain cell wall homeostasis.

 摘 要 

植物细胞的细胞器协调合成并分泌一个种强健并灵活的、基于多糖的胞外基质，即细胞壁。细胞壁的组成在不同植物物种之间、同一植物不同细胞类型之间、甚至是同一细胞壁的不同区域都存在变异，并响应内在和外界的各种信号。细胞壁组成的这种多样性是由细胞壁产生的共同细胞机制所支撑的。纤维素合酶复合物在质膜上发挥作用，并将其产物沉积到细胞壁中。多糖基质是由多个糖基转移酶在数百个可移动的高尔基体堆上合成的，并且通过许多的囊泡转运蛋白分泌到细胞壁中。本文中，作者讨论了细胞壁合成反应发生的不同亚细胞位置，综述了细胞壁生物合成调控的分子机制，并探讨了这些过程是如何受到调控的，从而帮助细胞在不同扰动的情况下维持细胞壁的稳态。