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未来十年:全球狂犬病防治领域会发生哪些变化?
扩大对蝙蝠和其他哺乳动物中新的丽沙病毒种类的监测。
Hsu WC, Hsu CL, Tu YC, et al.: Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan. J Vis Exp. 2019; (150).
预测、研究和记录当前疫苗尚无法有效预防的丽沙病毒(如Mokola、Shimoni等病毒)的相关哺乳动物物储存宿主的状态。
Babayan SA, Orton RJ, Streicker DG: Predicting reservoir hosts and arthropod vectors from evolutionary signatures in RNA virus genomes. Science. 2018; 362(6414): 577–80.
在有希望成为无狂犬病的地区,如某些岛屿,更好地了解和保护储存宿主蝙蝠。
Seetahal JFR, Greenberg L, Satheshkumar PS, et al.: The Serological Prevalence of Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in the Bat Population on the Caribbean Island of Trinidad. Viruses. 2020; 12(2):178.
在狂犬病处置门诊科学制定检测的流程,应用改进的丽沙病毒快速诊断方法。
Klein A, Fahrion A, Finke S, et al.: Further Evidence of Inadequate Quality in Lateral Flow Devices Commercially Offered for the Diagnosis of Rabies. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2020; 5(1): 13.
在亚洲扩大试点项目的规模,最终实现各个国家全国范围内全面消除犬狂犬病。
Demonstration of regional elimination of human rabies mediated via dogs in Africa
在非洲区域消除经狗传播的人类狂犬病的状况得到确切证明。
Athingo R, Tenzin T, Shilongo A, et al.: Fighting Dog-Mediated Rabies in Namibia— Implementation of a Rabies Elimination Program in the Northern Communal Areas. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2020; 5(1): 12.
开展减少或替代狂犬病免疫球蛋白的新生物制剂的临床试验。
Plummer JR, McGettigan JP: Incorporating B cell activating factor (BAFF) into the membrane of rabies virus (RABV) particles improves the speed and magnitude of vaccine-induced antibody responses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019; 13(11): e0007800.
扩大针对不同丽沙病毒的人类单克隆抗体的应用范围。
de Benedictis P, Minola A, Rota Nodari E, et al.: Development of broadspectrum human monoclonal antibodies for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. EMBO Mol Med. 2016; 8(4): 407–21.
明确标注可皮内使用的纯化的无血清狂犬病疫苗获准上市。
Angsuwatcharakon P, Khomvilai S, Limsuwun K, et al.: Immunogenicity and safety of WHO-approved TRC-ID regimen with a chromatographically purified Vero cell rabies vaccine with or without rabies immunoglobulin in children. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2018; 17(2): 185–188.
对主要野生动物储存宿主(如蝙蝠等)使用口服狂犬病疫苗提上议事日程。
Bakker KM, Rocke TE, Osorio JE, et al.: Fluorescent biomarkers demonstrate prospects for spreadable vaccines to control disease transmission in wild bats. Nat Ecol Evol. 2019; 3(12): 1697–704.
在有风险的偏远社区使用单一疫苗剂量进行暴露前疫苗接种。
Wang C, Dulal P, Zhou X, et al.: A simian-adenovirus-vectored rabies vaccine suitable for thermostabilisation and clinical development for low-cost singledose pre-exposure prophylaxis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018; 12(10): e0006870.
在确定疫苗效力时放弃采用动物试验,而用其他替代试验方法,以满足动物保护的要求。
Toinon A, Moreno N, Chausse H, et al.: Potency test to discriminate between differentially over-inactivated rabies vaccines: Agreement between the NIH assay and a G-protein based ELISA. Biologicals. 2019; 60: 49–54.
Sanchez N, Soulet D, Bonnet E, et al.: Rabies Vaccine Characterization by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1): 8149.
基于对病毒靶点的深入研究获得支持抗病毒药物使用效果的证据。
Horwitz JA, Jenni S, Harrison SC, et al.: Structure of a rabies virus polymerase complex from electron cryo-microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020; 117(4): 2099–107.
有计划地使用狗的口服疫苗对流浪动物进行控制。
Gibson AD, Mazeri S, Yale G, et al.: Development of a Non-Meat-Based, Mass Producible and Effective Bait for Oral Vaccination of Dogs against Rabies in Goa State, India. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2019; 4(3): 118.
在拉丁美洲消除犬类狂犬病,更好地开展“南-南”合作,推广技术手段以外的最佳防控策略。
Vigilato MAN, Molina-Flores B, Del Rio Vilas VJ, et al.: Canine rabies elimination: Governance principles. Rev Sci Tech. 2018; 37(2): 703–709.
在较不发达国家扩大应用原位基因组监测(In situ genomic surveillance)。
Brunker K, Jaswant G, Thumbi SM, et al.: Rapid in-country sequencing of whole virus genomes to inform rabies elimination programmes [version 2; peer review: 3 approved]. Wellcome Open Res. 2020; 5: 3.
通过在疫区完全消除犬类狂犬病来保护其他目前已无狂犬病的非疫区。
Rupprecht CE, Abela-Ridder B, Abila R, et al.: Towards rabies elimination in the Asia-Pacific region: From theory to practice. Biologicals. 2020; 64: 83–95.
将全球免疫联盟(Gavi)对人狂犬病疫苗接种的支持纳入国家卫生规划。
Sudarshan MK: Vision 2030: Dog-mediated human rabies-free India: Action must begin now. Indian J Public Health. 2017; 61(1): 1–2.
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