Accurate identification of plant species   is a key component of biological, ecological, and evolutionary studies.   Standard morphological techniques can be ineffective, especially for large   and complex taxa (Liu et al., 2017; Percy et al., 2014; Yan et al., 2015),   particular life stages (Gonzalez et al., 2009), or when only plant fragments   are available (Jones et al., 2011; Kesanakurti et al., 2011). To support morphological   identification, DNA barcoding has become widely used for the identification   and confirmation of plant species (Fazekas et al., 2008; Hollingsworth et   al., 2009; Kress & Erickson, 2007; Kress, Wurdack, Zimmer, Weigt &   Janzen, 2005; Li et al., 2011). The plastid DNA regions rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA   and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA have   previously been used in systematic studies at various taxonomic levels (Azani   et al., 2017; Baldwin et al., 1995; Chase et al., 1993; Harrington, Edwards, Johnson,   Chase & Gadek, 2005), as well as for the taxonomy and species identification   of specific target families and genera (Liu, Moeller, Gao, Zhang & Li,   2011; Xu et al., 2015; Yan et al., 2015). Increasingly, surveys of local   (Kress et al., 2009) and regional (Burgess et al., 2011; De Vere et al.,   2012; Liu, Yan et al., 2015) floras are based on DNA barcoding with these   regions.  

植物物种的准确鉴定是生物学、生态学和进化研究的关键组成部分。经典的形态学方法对于大型和复杂的分类群可能无效（Liu et al., 2017; Percy et al., 2014; Yan et al., 2015），尤其是在特定的生命阶段（Gonzalez et al., 2009），或者只有植物碎片可用时（Jones   et al., 2011; Kesanakurti et al., 2011）。为了补充支持形态鉴定，DNA条形码已广泛用于植物物种的鉴定和确认（F Fazekas et al., 2008; Hollingsworth et al., 2009; Kress &   Erickson, 2007; Kress, Wurdack, Zimmer, Weigt & Janzen, 2005; Li et al.,   2011）。质体DNA区域rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA和细胞核核糖体DNA的内转录间隔区（ITS）之前被用于不同分类水平的系统学研究（Azani et al., 2017; Baldwin et al., 1995; Chase et al., 1993;   Harrington, Edwards, Johnson, Chase & Gadek, 2005），特定目标科属的分类学研究以及和物种鉴定研究（Liu, Moeller, Gao, Zhang & Li, 2011; Xu et al., 2015; Yan et   al., 2015）。越来越多的地方（Kress et al., 2009）和区域（Burgess et   al., 2011; De Vere et al., 2012; Liu, Yan et al., 2015）植物区系的调查使用这些片段作为DNA条形码。