(这是本博主将在2012年中国狂犬病年会(北京)上作专题报告的中英文内容摘要。)

严家新    

武汉生物制品研究所有限责任公司

(本公司所隶属的中国医药集团中国生物技术集团公司是此次大会的协办单位之一)

“恐狂症”在中国已成为一种非常流行的心理疾病。恐狂症最常见表现就是滥用狂犬病疫苗，在明显不该接种疫苗的情况下也接种，甚至反复多次接种后仍然不放心。多年来我国每年狂犬病疫苗的接种量保持在1000万人份以上，其中至少有1/3本来可以不接种。恐狂症的广泛存在，除了患者自身的心理因素以外，也与某些“专家”、医生的误导有关。目前媒体、网络和实际生活中有关狂犬病的不科学言论达到泛滥成灾的程度。

本文列举一些代表性的事例，说明应当怎样避免狂犬病疫苗的滥用。本文提供若干简单、实用的判断标准，有助于恐狂症患者尽快走出阴影。

关于狂犬病应当明确的若干基本概念：

1．人狂犬病的潜伏期极少超过1年， 目前国际上承认的最长潜伏期为6年。

2．健康犬不传播狂犬病。应推广WHO认定的“十日观察法”：“如果犬(或猫)在10天的观察期内保持健康，……则可终止治疗。”

3. 鼠、兔以及鸟类、爬行类都不传播狂犬病。

4. 狂犬病毒不可能在中枢神经系统长期潜伏。

5．新的数据表明，疫苗的保护效果比原来估计的更好，全程接种后，一定程度的免疫保护作用可能持续数十年。

中国每年大量的狂犬病疫苗用于人而不用于狗，这是对狂犬病疫苗最大的滥用。解决狂犬病问题主要靠兽用疫苗而不是人用疫苗。找对方向后，中国完全有可能以不高于目前实际已付出的高昂代价，实现WHO倡导的在十年内基本消灭狂犬病的目标。 

(通讯地址：武汉市武昌区临江大道9号 邮编：430060 )

 

Unique rabies phobia and vaccine abuse in China

Yan Jiaxin 

Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Sinopharm

 

The rabies phobia has become a very popular mental illness in China. The commonest manifestation of rabies phobia is the abuse of rabies vaccine. The patients vaccinate themselves unnecessarily and are still not at ease even after repeated vaccinations. Over the years, China's annual amount of rabies vaccine inoculation was maintained at more then 10 million dose/person, of which at least 1/3 should not be used. In addition to the patient's own psychological factors, the widespread rabies phobia is associated with the misleading of some "experts” and doctors. The unscientific remarks about rabies in the media, the internet and real life have achieved the degree of infestation.
     This article lists some representative examples that showed how to avoid the abuse of the rabies vaccine. This article also provides some simple, practical criteria to help the patients of rabies phobia to get out of the shadows as soon as possible.

 A number of basic concepts about rabies should be made clear:

1. The incubation period of human rabies is rarely more than one year, the longest incubation period recognized all over the world is 6 years.

2. Healthy dogs spread no rabies. “The 10 days observation” recommended by the WHO should be observed: “Stop treatment if dogs and cats remain healthy throughout an observation period of 10 days ...."

3. The rodents, rabbits, birds, reptiles do not spread rabies.

4. Rabies virus in the central nervous system could not be latent for a long time

5. New data suggest that the protective effect of the vaccine is better than the original estimated. After complete immunization, some immune protective effect might last for decades.

Every year in China a large number of rabies vaccine were used for people instead of dogs, this is the biggest abuse of the rabies vaccine. The solution for rabies control depends mainly on the veterinary vaccine rather than human vaccines. After the correct approach was chosen, it is entirely possible for China to achieve the basic goal of rabies elimination within ten years as advocated by the WHO with the cost not higher than that already paid currently. 

(Mailing Address: 9 Linjiang Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, P.C.: 430060)

 

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