Alan Turing 于19世纪30年代提出的图灵机包含一条无限长的、被分成无数小格的带子。每个格子要么保存一个符号(1或0)要么是空白。一个读写装置可以读取这些符号和空白,它们构成了图灵机的程序指令。听起来是否有些耳熟呢?那么对于量子图灵机,区别在于带子和读写头都以量子态存在的。这意味着带子上的符号除了可以是0或1,还可以是0和1的叠加。常规的图灵机每次只能完成一个计算,而量子图灵机可以同时进行多个计算。
中科大在量子计算机的研制上,领跑世界,实现了世界上第一台量子计算机的雏形,研究成果发表在2007年12月19日出版的国际权威物理学最权威的期刊《 Physical Review Letters》上,标志着我国光学量子计算机研究达到了国际领先水平。 Demonstration of a compiled version of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm using photonic qubits
chao-Yang Lu, Daniel E. Browne, Tao Yang, and Jian-Wei Pan
We report an experimental demonstration of a complied version of Shor's algorithm using four photonic qubits. We choose the simplest instance of this algorithm, that is, factorization of $N=15$ in the case that the period $r=2$ and exploit a simplified linear optical network to coherently implement the quantum circuits of the modular exponential execution and semi-classical quantum Fourier transformation. During this computation, genuine multiparticle entanglement is observed which well supports its quantum nature. This experiment represents an essential step toward full realization of Shor's algorithm and scalable linear optics quantum computation.