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【社会观察(11)】
美国的财富集中在少数人手中。大体上,占人口 1% 的最富有的人拥有全国 35% 左右的财富。以 2004 年为例,最富有的 1% 的家庭拥有全国财富的 34.3%,最富有的前 10% 的家庭拥有 71%,最贫穷的底层 40% 的家庭只拥有 1% 以下的全国财富,如下图所示:
这样的财富分配比例在过去的几十年里基本保持不变,下表列出了从 1922 年到 2007 年美国财富分配的情况。从这个历史数据看,有一点富人更富,穷人更穷的趋势。
Bottom 99 percent | Top 1 percent | |
---|---|---|
1922 | 63.3% | 36.7% |
1929 | 55.8% | 44.2% |
1933 | 66.7% | 33.3% |
1939 | 63.6% | 36.4% |
1945 | 70.2% | 29.8% |
1949 | 72.9% | 27.1% |
1953 | 68.8% | 31.2% |
1962 | 68.2% | 31.8% |
1965 | 65.6% | 34.4% |
1969 | 68.9% | 31.1% |
1972 | 70.9% | 29.1% |
1976 | 80.1% | 19.9% |
1979 | 79.5% | 20.5% |
1981 | 75.2% | 24.8% |
1983 | 69.1% | 30.9% |
1986 | 68.1% | 31.9% |
1989 | 64.3% | 35.7% |
1992 | 62.8% | 37.2% |
1995 | 61.5% | 38.5% |
1998 | 61.9% | 38.1% |
2001 | 66.6% | 33.4% |
2004 | 65.7% | 34.3% |
2007 | 65.4% | 34.6% |
Effective Date
|
Hourly Wage
|
10/24/1938
|
$0.25
|
10/24/1939
|
$0.30
|
10/24/1945
|
$0.40
|
01/25/1950
|
$0.75
|
03/01/1956
|
$1.00
|
09/03/1961
|
$1.15
|
09/03/1963
|
$1.25
|
02/01/1967
|
$1.40
|
02/01/1968
|
$1.60
|
05/01/1974
|
$2.00
|
01/01/1975
|
$2.10
|
01/01/1976
|
$2.30
|
01/01/1978
|
$2.65
|
01/01/1979
|
$2.90
|
01/01/1980
|
$3.10
|
01/01/1981
|
$3.35
|
04/01/1990
|
$3.80
|
04/01/1991
|
$4.25
|
10/01/1996
|
$4.75
|
09/01/1997
|
$5.15
|
07/24/2007
|
$5.85
|
07/24/2008
|
$6.55
|
07/24/2009
|
$7.25
|
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