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面粉增白剂过氧化苯甲酰美国毒物学数据库检索结果

已有 10717 次阅读 2010-12-29 08:37 |个人分类:食品问题|系统分类:论文交流| 过氧化苯甲酰, 面粉增白剂

  http://baike.baidu.com/view/488645.htm

         过氧化苯甲酰是中国GB2760允许使用的面粉处理剂,近年来经过多方的论证,无论国外和中国的权威部门都已证实,过氧化苯甲酰在面粉中使用是安全的,而且没有对面粉的营养产生影响。

        国际上,至今没有一个国家禁用,也没有任何关于过氧化苯甲酰在面粉中使用对人体有危害的科学报道。

  按照《食品卫生法》,批准或禁用食品添加剂,一定要有科学的依据。而且对于禁用的依据一定要确定其严谨性和科学性,不能把一些主观舆论和没有定论的观点作为禁用的依据,更不能有意夸大或者捏造事实去误导主管部门禁用过氧化苯甲酰。

  有人认为“过氧化苯甲酰只是面粉增白剂,对面粉只有增白作用,并没有实质性的提高面粉的质量,反而掩盖了麸星不合格的缺陷”。而事实是过氧化苯甲酰根本不能漂白麸星,反而会使麸星更加明显;过氧化苯甲酰的作用也不只是漂白剂,更主要的作用是熟化剂,这一点在CAC、FDA、加拿大以及日本的法规中都有明确的解释,也是食品添加剂的基本常识。

  关于认为“面粉中过氧化苯甲酰超标事件时有发生;添加剂和面粉均为粉末,易结团,很难保证和面粉混合均匀,是重大卫生安全隐患。”可以说是对面粉添加剂的使用技术不了解。事实上中国的企业超标使用基本上都在100mg/kg左右,而美国(FDA)对过氧化苯甲酰在面粉中的使用不作限制(GMP),加拿大规定的使用量在150mg/kg, 中国的使用量不存在重大卫生安全隐患。

 http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~DbSQL2:1

Evidence for Carcinogenicity :  关于致癌证据
Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of benzoyl peroxide. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of benzoyl peroxide. Overall evaluation: Benzoyl peroxide is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php p. 71 355 (1999)] **QC REVIEWED**

Consumption Patterns : 使用方式  
Benzoyl peroxide
is used principally as a source of free radicals in the plastics and rubber industry. /Lesser amounts are used as/ a food additive and in non-prescription drugs (1985).
[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php p. V36 269 (1985)] **PEER REVIEWED**

FDA Requirements :  FDA 规定
Benzoyl peroxide
is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
[21 CFR 175.105 (4/1/96)] **PEER REVIEWED**


FULL RECORD  FULL RECORD
BEST SECTIONS  BEST SECTIONS
contractHuman Health Effects  Human Health Effects
    Evidence for Carcinogenicity  Evidence for Carcinogenicity
    Human Toxicity Excerpts  Human Toxicity Excerpts
    Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations  Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations
    Drug Warnings  Drug Warnings
    Probable Routes of Human Exposure  Probable Routes of Human Exposure
    Minimum Fatal Dose Level  Minimum Fatal Dose Level
contractEmergency Medical Treatment  Emergency Medical Treatment
    Emergency Medical Treatment  Emergency Medical Treatment
    Antidote and Emergency Treatment  Antidote and Emergency Treatment
contractAnimal Toxicity Studies  Animal Toxicity Studies
    Evidence for Carcinogenicity  Evidence for Carcinogenicity
    Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts  Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts
    Non-Human Toxicity Values  Non-Human Toxicity Values
contractMetabolism/Pharmacokinetics  Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics
    Metabolism/Metabolites  Metabolism/Metabolites
    Absorption, Distribution & Excretion  Absorption, Distribution & Excretion
    Mechanism of Action  Mechanism of Action
    Interactions  Interactions
contractPharmacology  Pharmacology
    Therapeutic Uses  Therapeutic Uses
    Drug Warnings  Drug Warnings
    Interactions  Interactions
    Minimum Fatal Dose Level  Minimum Fatal Dose Level
contractEnvironmental Fate & Exposure  Environmental Fate & Exposure
    Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary  Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary
    Probable Routes of Human Exposure  Probable Routes of Human Exposure
    Natural Pollution Sources  Natural Pollution Sources
    Artificial Pollution Sources  Artificial Pollution Sources
    Environmental Fate  Environmental Fate
    Environmental Biodegradation  Environmental Biodegradation
    Environmental Abiotic Degradation  Environmental Abiotic Degradation
    Environmental Bioconcentration  Environmental Bioconcentration
    Soil Adsorption/Mobility  Soil Adsorption/Mobility
    Volatilization from Water/Soil  Volatilization from Water/Soil
contractEnvironmental Standards & Regulations  Environmental Standards & Regulations
    FDA Requirements  FDA Requirements
contractChemical/Physical Properties  Chemical/Physical Properties
    Molecular Formula  Molecular Formula
    Molecular Weight  Molecular Weight
    Color/Form  Color/Form
    Odor  Odor
    Taste  Taste
    Melting Point  Melting Point
    Density/Specific Gravity  Density/Specific Gravity
    Heat of Combustion  Heat of Combustion
    Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient  Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient
    Solubilities  Solubilities
    Spectral Properties  Spectral Properties
    Vapor Pressure  Vapor Pressure
    Other Chemical/Physical Properties  Other Chemical/Physical Properties
contractChemical Safety & Handling  Chemical Safety & Handling
    DOT Emergency Guidelines  DOT Emergency Guidelines
    Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations  Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations
    Fire Potential  Fire Potential
    Autoignition Temperature  Autoignition Temperature
    Fire Fighting Procedures  Fire Fighting Procedures
    Toxic Combustion Products  Toxic Combustion Products
    Explosive Limits & Potential  Explosive Limits & Potential
    Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities  Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities
    Hazardous Decomposition  Hazardous Decomposition
    Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health  Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
    Protective Equipment & Clothing  Protective Equipment & Clothing
    Preventive Measures  Preventive Measures
    Stability/Shelf Life  Stability/Shelf Life
    Shipment Methods and Regulations  Shipment Methods and Regulations
    Storage Conditions  Storage Conditions
    Cleanup Methods  Cleanup Methods
    Disposal Methods  Disposal Methods
contractOccupational Exposure Standards  Occupational Exposure Standards
    OSHA Standards  OSHA Standards
    Threshold Limit Values  Threshold Limit Values
    NIOSH Recommendations  NIOSH Recommendations
    Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health  Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
contractManufacturing/Use Information  Manufacturing/Use Information
    Major Uses  Major Uses
    Manufacturers  Manufacturers
    Methods of Manufacturing  Methods of Manufacturing
    General Manufacturing Information  General Manufacturing Information
    Formulations/Preparations  Formulations/Preparations
    Consumption Patterns  Consumption Patterns
    U. S. Production  U. S. Production
    U. S. Imports  U. S. Imports
contractLaboratory Methods  Laboratory Methods
    Clinical Laboratory Methods  Clinical Laboratory Methods
    Analytic Laboratory Methods  Analytic Laboratory Methods
    Sampling Procedures  Sampling Procedures
contractSpecial References  Special References
    Special Reports  Special Reports
contractSynonyms and Identifiers  Synonyms and Identifiers
    Synonyms  Synonyms
    Formulations/Preparations  Formulations/Preparations
    Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO  Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO
    Standard Transportation Number  Standard Transportation Number
contractAdministrative Information  Administrative Information
    Hazardous Substances Databank Number  Hazardous Substances Databank Number
    Last Revision Date  Last Revision Date
    Last Review Date  Last Review Date
    Update History  Update History


http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/d?./temp/~Z4KFCs:0

 

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Record
  Substance Name

The following is the primary record for the chemical. All of the query terms were found.
1 BENZOYL PEROXIDE
94-36-0
 

 

http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~Z4KFCs:1

BENZOYL PEROXIDE
CASRN: 94-36-0

For other data, click on the Table of Contents


Substance Identification:


Substance Name: BENZOYL PEROXIDE

CAS Registry Number: 94-36-0

Chemical Classification Category:
Lactones, organic peroxides

Taxonomic Name & Assay:
Prokaryotes - other genotoxic effects

Mutagenicity Studies:


GENE-TOX Evaluation A (pre-1980):

 

Species/Cell Type: Escherichia coli polA (W3119 vs P3478)
Assay Type: Rec-assay, DNA effects (bacterial DNA repair)
Assay Code: RE1T
Results: No conclusion
Panel Report: EMICBACK/45048; MUTAT RES 87:211-297,1981



Administrative Information:


GENETOX Record Number:
671


Last Revision Date:
19910822


Update History:
Complete update on 01/30/1991, 6 fields added/edited/deleted.

http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+toxline:@term+@DOCNO+EMICBACK/45048

 

 

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Item 1 of 1

EVALUATION OF TESTS USING DNA REPAIR-DEFICIENT BACTERIA FOR PREDICTING GENOTOXICITY AND CARCINOGENICITY: REPORT OF THE U.S. EPA'S GENE-TOX PROGRAM

Authors:

LEIFER Z
KADA T
MANDEL M
ZEIGER E
STAFFORD R
ROSENKRANZ HS

Source: MUTAT RES 87:211-297,1981

Test Object: BACTERIA

Assay:

Test Category: EFFECTS ON NUCLEIC ACIDS
Specific Test/Endpoint: DIFFERENTIAL KILLING-REC ASSAY

Test Category: EFFECTS ON NUCLEIC ACIDS
Specific Test/Endpoint: DIFFERENTIAL KILLING-POL TEST

Test Category: EFFECTS ON NUCLEIC ACIDS
Specific Test/Endpoint: DIFFERENTIAL KILLING-MULTILOCUS

Publication Types:

REVIEW

Journal Title Code: MUREA

Title Abbreviation: MUTAT RES

Year of Publication: 1981

Secondary Source ID: EMICBACK/45048

General Note Owner: MUTATION RESEARCH

Document Number: EMICBACK/45048

 

 

http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/h?./temp/~EhZ2FX:

TOXLINE for

 

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  • To combine searches use # before search number. e.g. #2 AND #6.
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 各数据库的检索策略和检索结果

Query:  检索策略与检索用词
( "benzoyl peroxide" OR panoxyl OR "dibenzoyl peroxide" OR "benzoyl superoxide" OR vanoxide OR persadox OR oxylite OR "luperco ast" OR lucidol OR loroxide OR "diphenylglyoxal peroxide" OR "dibenzoylperoxyde dutch " "dibenzoylperoxid german " "benzoylperoxyde dutch " "benzoylperoxid german " benzoperoxide benoxyl )

The chemical name benzoyl peroxide was identified.
The following terms were added from ChemIDplus:
panoxyl
dibenzoyl peroxide
benzoyl superoxide
vanoxide
persadox
oxylite
luperco ast
lucidol
loroxide
diphenylglyoxal peroxide
dibenzoylperoxyde dutch
dibenzoylperoxid german
benzoylperoxyde dutch
benzoylperoxid german
benzoperoxide
benoxyl
CAS Registry Number: 94-36-0

Search Database Query Time Result
# 6 toxline EMICBACK 45048 [DOCNO] 19:31:51 1

 

# 5 toxline EMICBACK 45048 [DOCNO] 19:29:51 1

 

# 4 toxline tox predicting genotoxicity carcinogenicity deficient repair 19:29:14 100

 

# 3 toxline EMICBACK 45048 [DOCNO] 19:28:24 1

 

# 2 genetox ( "benzoyl peroxide" OR panoxyl OR "dibenzoyl peroxide" OR "benzoyl superoxide" OR vanoxide OR persadox OR oxylite OR "luperco ast" OR lucidol OR loroxide OR "diphenylglyoxal peroxide" OR "dibenzoylperoxyde dutch " "dibenzoylperoxid german " "benzoylperoxyde dutch " "benzoylperoxid german " benzoperoxide benoxyl ) 19:27:56 1

 

# 1 toxline, dart, chemid, hsdb, ccris, cpdb, genetox, ctd, iris, iter, lact, tri2007, hazmap, hpd ( "benzoyl peroxide" OR panoxyl OR "dibenzoyl peroxide" OR "benzoyl superoxide" OR vanoxide OR persadox OR oxylite OR "luperco ast" OR lucidol OR loroxide OR "diphenylglyoxal peroxide" OR "dibenzoylperoxyde dutch " "dibenzoylperoxid german " "benzoylperoxyde dutch " "benzoylperoxid german " benzoperoxide benoxyl OR 94-36-0 [rn] ) 19:23:57 1217

 http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/d?./temp/~VmzzAu:0

各个数据库的检索结果(文献和数据量),研究者可以根据需要分析这些文献和数据。

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References from Biomedical Literature
TOXLINE Toxicology Literature Online 毒理学文献 1065
DART Developmental Toxicology Literature 发育毒理学文献 19
Chemical, Toxicological, and Environmental Health Data
ChemIDplus Chemical Identification/Dictionary 化学鉴定/词典 1
HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank 危险物质事实数据库 40
CCRIS Chemical Carcinogenesis Information 化学致癌信息 4
CPDB Carcinogenic Potency Database 致癌作用数据库 1
GENETOX Genetic Toxicology Data 遗传毒理学数据 1
CTD Comparative Toxicogenomics Database 比较遗传毒理学数据库 6
IRIS Integrated Risk Information 综合危险信息 2
ITER International Toxicity Estimates for Risk 国际危险毒性评估 1
LactMed Drugs and Lactation Database 药物与哺乳期数据库 6
TRI Toxics Release Inventory 毒物详细目录 48
TOXMAP Environmental Health e-Maps 环境卫生数字地图 Map It
Haz-Map Occupational Exposure/Toxicology 职业曝露/毒理学 Show me
Household Products Health & Safety Information on Household Products 家用产品卫生与安全信息 Show me

 

 Emergency Medical Treatment :   急症医疗处理

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The following Overview, *** BENZOYL PEROXIDE ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical.

Life Support:
   o   This overview assumes that basic life support measures
       have been instituted.
Clinical Effects:
  0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
   0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
     A)  WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE
      1)  Benzoyl peroxide may be irritating to the eyes, skin,
          and mucous membranes. Signs and symptoms of exposure
          may include decreased pulse and temperature, dyspnea
          and wheezing, abdominal pain, and stupor.
      2)  Conjunctival inflammation and superficial corneal
          opacity have been noted when benzoyl peroxide was
          applied to the eyes of experimental animals. Allergic
          dermatitis may occur.
  0.2.4 HEENT
   0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
     A)  WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE
      1)  Conjunctivitis may be noted from ocular exposure.
  0.2.14 DERMATOLOGIC
   0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
     A)  WITH THERAPEUTIC USE
      1)  Skin contact causes primary and sensitization
          dermatitis. Moderate erythema and edema have followed
          topical exposure to 10% solutions.
  0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS
    A)  Benzoyl peroxide is classified as FDA pregnancy category
        C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of
        benzoyl peroxide use in pregnant women. It is not known
        if benzoyl peroxide is excreted in the breast milk.
  0.2.21 CARCINOGENICITY  致癌问题
   0.2.21.1 IARC CATEGORY
     A)  IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS94-36-0 (IARC,
         2004):
      1)  IARC Classification
       a)  Listed as: Benzoyl peroxide
       b)  Carcinogen Rating: 3
        1)  The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not
            classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
            This category is used most commonly for agents,
            mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the
            evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans
            and inadequate or limited in experimental animals.
            Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the
            evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans
            but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed
            in this category when there is strong evidence that
            the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental
            animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures
            and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any
            other group are also placed in this category.
Laboratory:
   A)  The L929 mouse fibroblast cell line may exhibit similar
       benzoyl peroxide exposure characteristics as human eye
       fibroblasts. Thus the L929 cell line may have application
       for testing the cytotoxic vapor effects from benzoyl
       peroxide containing dental products.
Treatment Overview:
  0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE
    A)  DILUTION: Immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to
        240 mL) of water or milk (not to exceed 4 ounces/120 mL
        in a child).
  0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE
    A)  INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for
        respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing
        develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation,
        bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist
        ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled
        beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids.
  0.4.4 EYE EXPOSURE
    A)  DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
        amounts of room temperature water for at least 15
        minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or
        photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a
        health care facility.
  0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE
    A)  OVERVIEW
     1)  DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash
         exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A
         physician may need to examine the area if irritation or
         pain persists.
     2)  Vitamin E may be of use in therapy.
Range of Toxicity:  毒性剂量
   A)  Human exposure to 12.2 mg/m(3) produces nose and throat
       irritation.



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