(1) 回顾研究背景, 常用词汇有: review, summarize, present, outline, describe等.

We review evidence for this view of addiction and discuss its implications for understanding the psychology and neurobiology of addiction. [Brain Research Reviews, 1993, 18(3): 247-291]

This paper outlines some of the basic methods and strategies and discusses some related theoretical and practical issues. [Annals of Statistics, 1994, 22(4): 1701-1728]

We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. [Physical Review D, 1996, 54(1): 1]

We present estimators for several population-genetic parameters (gene and genotype frequencies, within- and between-population heterozygosities, degree of inbreeding and population subdivision, and degree of individual relatedness) along with expressions for their sampling variances. [Molecular Ecology, 1994, 3(2): 91-99]

We also describe the conceptual background and development of a self-report measure of these dimensions, the Temperament and Character Inventory. [Archives of General Psychiatry, 1993, 50(12): 975-990]

(2) 阐明写作或研究目的, 常用词汇有: purpose, attempt, aim等; 另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达.

We attempt to recover a function of unknown smoothness from noisy sampled data. [Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1995, 90(432): 1200-1224]

To investigate the mechanism of Bcl-2’s effect, we examined whether Bcl-2 interacted with other proteins. [Cell, 1993, 74(4): 609-619]

For comparison purposes we present some opacity tables for the Ross-Aller and Cox-Tabor metal abundances. [Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 1992, 79(2): 507-568]

With the aim to provide observational constraints on the evolution of the galactic disk, we have derived abundances of Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, Ni, Y, Zr, Ba and Nd, as well as individual photometric ages, for 189 nearby field F and G disk dwarfs. [Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1993, 275(1): 101-152]

In addition to presenting technical details of the pseudopotential method, the article aims to heighten awareness of the capabilities of the method in order to stimulate its application to as wide a range of problems in as many scientific disciplines as possible. [Reviews of Modern Physics, 1992, 64(4): 1045-1097]

(3) 介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围, 常用的词汇有: study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等.

Here we study the dependence of apoptosis on p53 expression in cells from the thymus cortex. [Nature, 1993, 362(6423): 849-852]

This article includes a brief review of the physics underlying HERWIG, followed by a description of the program itself. [Computer Physics Communications, 1992, 67(3): 465-508]

This paper presents a detailed analysis of several hundred plant carbon exchange rate (CER) and dry weight (DW) responses to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment determined over the past 10 years. [Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1994, 69(3-4): 153-203]

This paper presents basic methodology of MCMC, emphasizing the Bayesian paradigm, conditional probability and the intimate relationship with Markov random fields in spatial statistics. [Statistical Science, 1995, 10(1): 3-41]

This paper focuses on the promise of artificial neural networks in the realm of modeling, identification and control of nonlinear systems. [Automatica, 1992, 28(6): 1083-1112]

The focus of this paper is the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages for the interval 24 000-0 cal BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), based upon a sample set of dendrochronologically dated tree rings, uranium-thorium dated corals, and varve-counted marine sediment. [Radiocarbon, 1998, 40(3): 1041-1083]

We emphasize the following points: …. [Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1995, 90(430): 773-795]

This paper synthesizes, using a common framework, these recent developments together with new ones, with an emphasis on flexibility in modeling, model selection, and the analysis of multiple data sets. [Ecological Monographs, 1992, 62(1): 67-118]

The iterative scheme is …. The main emphasis of this paper is on the derivation and analysis of this scheme. [SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, 1992, 13(1): 357-385]

The paper lays particular emphasis on the calculation of posterior probabilities and concurs with others in its view that MCMC facilitates a fundamental breakthrough in applied Bayesian modeling. [Statistical Science, 1995, 10(1): 3-41]

We draw attention to two problems associated with the use of instrumental variables (IV), the importance of which for empirical work has not been fully appreciated. [Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1995, 90(430): 443-450]

摘编自《英语科技论文撰写与投稿》(任胜利编著, 科学出版社, 2008年第6次印刷)

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