Front cover
J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5261
DOI: 10.1039/b913547m

 

Contents and Highlights in Chemical Technology
J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5263
DOI: 10.1039/b913549a

Editorial

Themed issue: solar cells
J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5276
DOI: 10.1039/b911726c

This themed issue on solar cells highlights some of the latest research in this rapidly advancing field and contains contributions relating to the science and technology of virtually all types of organic solar cells. Guest editors Michael Grätzel and René Janssen introduce the issue.

 

Feature Article

New insights into dye-sensitized solar cells with polymer electrolytes
Jilian Nei de Freitas, Ana Flávia Nogueira and Marco-Aurelio De Paoli,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5279
DOI: 10.1039/b900928k

Polymer electrolytes and gel-type polymer electrolytes are interesting alternatives for the assembly of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. A review of the history and recent developments in this field is presented in this feature article.

 

Communication

The characterization of chloroboron (III) subnaphthalocyanine thin films and their application as a donor material for organic solar cells
Bregt Verreet, Sarah Schols, David Cheyns, Barry P. Rand, Hans Gommans, Tom Aernouts, Paul Heremans and Jan Genoe,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5295
DOI: 10.1039/b902342a

Chloroboron (III) subnaphthalocyanine based organic solar cells combine high open-circuit voltages of 790 mV with a red-shifted absorption compared to the related chloroboron (III) subphthalocyanine, leading to an increased short-circuit current.

 

Papers

Effects of surface modification of indium tin oxide electrodes on the performance of molecular multilayer organic photovoltaic devices
Asha Sharma, Andreas Haldi, William J. Potscavage Jr., Peter J. Hotchkiss, Seth R. Marder and Bernard Kippelen,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5298
DOI: 10.1039/b823148f

Surface modification of the indium tin oxide anode affects the work function of the electrode but not the performance of pentacene/C₆₀ solar cells.

 

Efficient solar cells based on a new phthalimide-based donor–acceptor copolymer semiconductor: morphology, charge-transport, and photovoltaic properties
Hao Xin, Xugang Guo, Felix Sunjoo Kim, Guoqiang Ren, Mark D. Watson and Samson A. Jenekhe,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5303
DOI: 10.1039/b900073a

Nanoscale phase separation was achieved in a new donor–acceptor copolymer PhBT12:fullerene blend films without thermal annealing and a power conversion efficiency of 2% was obtained under AM1.5 white light illumination at 100 mW/cm² in ambient air.

 

Low-bandgap thiophene dendrimers for improved light harvesting
Benjamin L. Rupert, William J. Mitchell, Andrew J. Ferguson, Muhammet E. Köse, William L. Rance, Garry Rumbles, David S. Ginley, Sean E. Shaheen and Nikos Kopidakis,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5311
DOI: 10.1039/b903427g

The effects of reliving steric strain of crowded thiophene dendrimers by the addition of acetylene spacers and of introducing strong electron donating and withdrawing moieties on electrochemical and spectroscopic properties relevant to photovoltaic devices are demonstrated.

 

Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells using TiO₂ nanotube arrays on FTO glass
Peter Chen, Jérémie Brillet, Hari Bala, Peng Wang, Shaik M. Zakeeruddin and Michael Grätzel,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5325
DOI: 10.1039/b905196a

TiO₂ nanotube arrays were applied for the first time to solid-state dye sensitized solar cells (SSDSC), giving a power conversion efficiency of 1.67% measured under an irradiation of air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G) full sunlight.

 

Strategic design and synthesis of novel tridentate bipyridine pyrazolate coupled Ru(II) complexes to achieve superior solar conversion efficiency
Kellen Chen, Yi-Huan Hong, Yun Chi, Wei-Hsin Liu, Bo-So Chen and Pi-Tai Chou,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5329
DOI: 10.1039/b822813b

Tridentate bipyridine pyrazolate coupled Ru(II) complexes CK1, CK2, HY1 and HY2 were designed and synthesized. CK2 and HY2 exhibit significantly higher molar extinction coefficients than N719 at 400–550 nm.

 

Synthesis and photovoltaic performance of a series of small band gap polymers
Arjan P. Zoombelt, Marta Fonrodona, Mathieu G. R. Turbiez, Martijn M. Wienk and René A. J. Janssen,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5336
DOI: 10.1039/b821979f

New small band gap polymers have been incorporated into bulk heterojunction solar cells to provide a photovoltaic response in the near infrared region and power conversion efficiency of about 1.5%.

 

Electronic structure of small band gap oligomers based on cyclopentadithiophenes and acceptor units
Bram P. Karsten, Johannes C. Bijleveld, Lucas Viani, Jérôme Cornil, Johannes Gierschner and René A. J. Janssen,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5343
DOI: 10.1039/b901374a

The effect of the acceptor moiety on the electronic structure of small band gap polymers is evaluated by investigating oligomers of cyclopentadithiophene and various acceptor units.

 

Highly efficient organic solar cells based on a poly(2,7-carbazole) derivative
Salem Wakim, Serge Beaupré, Nicolas Blouin, Badrou-Réda Aich, Sheila Rodman, Russell Gaudiana, Ye Tao and Mario Leclerc,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5351
DOI: 10.1039/b901302d

The utilization of PCDTBT, an alternating poly(2,7-carbazole) derivative, in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells has been investigated. The relationship between the device performance and PCDTBT molecular weight, polymer:electron acceptor ([60]PCBM or [70]PCBM) ratio, and active layer thickness has been studied.

 

Alternating copolymers of fluorene and donor–acceptor–donor segments designed for miscibility in bulk heterojunction photovoltaics
Desta Gedefaw, Yi Zhou, Stefan Hellström, Lars Lindgren, L. Mattias Andersson, Fengling Zhang, Wendimagegn Mammo, Olle Inganäs and Mats R. Andersson,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5359
DOI: 10.1039/b823137k

A novel copolymer based on alternating polyfluorene is reported, together with its photovoltaic properties in blends with fullerene derivatives.

 

Synthesis, spectral, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of novel heteroleptic polypyridyl ruthenium(II) donor-antenna dyes
Katja Willinger, Katja Fischer, Roman Kisselev and Mukundan Thelakkat,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5364
DOI: 10.1039/b901988j

We synthesised a series of novel Ru(II) complexes carrying different donor-antenna moieties for efficient light absorption, investigated their optical and electrochemical properties and applied them in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells.

 

Hybrid polymer–metal oxide solar cells by in situ chemical polymerization
Pedro Atienzar, Thilini Ishwara, Masaki Horie, James R. Durrant and Jenny Nelson,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5377
DOI: 10.1039/b902271f

We present a new approach for achieving infiltration of a conjugated polymer into the pores of a nanostructured metal oxide electrode, whereby the polymer is prepared directly inside the porous oxide film by in situ chemical polymerization.

 

Charge recombination studies in conformally coated trifluoroacetate/TiO₂ modified dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC)
Antonio Sánchez-Díaz, Eugenia Martínez-Ferrero and Emilio Palomares,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5381
DOI: 10.1039/b818968d

Trifluoroacetate is used as coating agent on mesoporous TiO₂ in DSSC hindering the contact between the electrolyte and the metal oxide and influencing the charge transfer processes at the interface.

 

Three-dimensional nanoscale organization of polymer solar cells
Svetlana van Bavel, Erwan Sourty, Gijsbertus de With, Sjoerd Veenstra and Joachim Loos,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5388
DOI: 10.1039/b900901a

The photoactive layers of efficient bulk heterojunction solar cells consist of truly three-dimensional nanoscale networks of donor and acceptor components, as revealed by electron tomography.

 

High voltage polymer solar cell patterned with photolithography
Yee-Fun Lim, Jin-Kyun Lee, Alexander A. Zakhidov, John A. DeFranco, Hon Hang Fong, Priscilla G. Taylor, Christopher K. Ober and George G. Malliaras,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5394
DOI: 10.1039/b822949j

An array of 300 P3HT:PCBM polymer solar cells in series, patterned with photolithography using a novel semiperfluoroalkyl photoresist, achieved an open circuit voltage of 90 volts.

 

On the effect of poly(3-hexylthiophene) regioregularity on inkjet printed organic solar cells
Claudia N. Hoth, Stelios A. Choulis, Pavel Schilinsky and Christoph J. Brabec,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5398
DOI: 10.1039/b823495g

We highlight inkjet fluid limitations, i.e. aggregation based on solvent formulation and donor material design. Highly stable inks to guarantee high reproducibility are essential towards the commercialization of printed organic photovoltaics.

 

Perylenes as sensitizers in hybrid solar cells: how molecular size influences performance
Chen Li, Zhihong Liu, Jan Schöneboom, Felix Eickemeyer, Neil G. Pschirer, Peter Erk, Andreas Herrmann and Klaus Müllen,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5405
DOI: 10.1039/b823498a

Three different perylene dyes with different bay-substituents were synthesized. With similar spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, these dyes were used in dye-sensitized solar cells in order to investigate the effect of sensitizer size on the performance of the solar cells.

 

Well-defined donor–acceptor rod–coil diblock copolymers based on P3HT containing C₆₀: the morphology and role as a surfactant in bulk-heterojunction solar cells
Changduk Yang, Jae Kwan Lee, Alan J. Heeger and Fred Wudl,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5416
DOI: 10.1039/b901732a

This is the first example of a well-defined rod–coil block copolymer consisting of P3HT donor and C₆₀ acceptors (P3HT-b-P(S_xA_y)-C₆₀) that exhibits a nanofibrilar morphology.

 

Efficient formation, isolation and characterization of poly(3-alkylthiophene) nanofibres: probing order as a function of side-chain length
Wibren D. Oosterbaan, Veerle Vrindts, Solenn Berson, Stéphane Guillerez, Olivier Douhéret, Bart Ruttens, Jan D'Haen, Peter Adriaensens, Jean Manca, Laurence Lutsen and Dirk Vanderzande,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5424
DOI: 10.1039/b900670b

With a view to solar cell and OFET research, nanofibres of several poly(3-alkylthiophene)s were prepared in solution and characterized. The internal order of the fibres increases with alkyl chain length.

 

Charge separation and recombination in self-organizing nanostructured donor–acceptor block copolymer films
Simon King, Michael Sommer, Sven Huettner, Mukundan Thelakkat and Saif A. Haque,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5436
DOI: 10.1039/b905708k

A detailed photophysical study is presented investigating a series of donor–acceptor diblock copolymers for application in solar cells. Devices fabricated from the block copolymer outperform a similarly composed random blend.

 

A roll-to-roll process to flexible polymer solar cells: model studies, manufacture and operational stability studies
Frederik C. Krebs, Suren A. Gevorgyan and Jan Alstrup,  J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5442
DOI: 10.1039/b823001c

A roll-to-roll process enabling manufacture of high performing flexible polymer solar cells in the ambient atmosphere using only solution coating and printing is described in detail.

 

Back matter
J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5452
DOI: 10.1039/b913550m

Back cover
J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 5455
DOI: 10.1039/b913551k

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