威廉·巴特勒·叶芝 William Butler Yeats（1865～1939）

 

威廉·巴特勒·叶芝亦译“叶慈”、“耶茨”，爱尔兰诗人、剧作家，著名的神秘主义者。叶芝是“爱尔兰文艺复兴运动”的领袖，也是艾比剧院（Abbey Theatre）的创建者之一。1865年6月13日出生于都柏林。曾在都柏林大都会美术学院学习绘画，1887年开始专门从事诗歌创作，被诗人艾略特誉为"当代最伟大的诗人"。但叶芝一向对戏剧有浓厚的兴趣，先后写过26部剧本。1939年1月28日，在法国南部罗克布鲁纳逝世。

叶芝早年的创作仍然具有浪漫主义的华丽风格，善于营造梦幻般的氛围，例如他在1893年出版的散文集《凯尔特曙光》便属于这种风格。然而进入不惑之年后，在现代主义诗人伊兹拉·庞德等人的影响下，尤其是在其本人参与爱尔兰民族主义政治运动的切身经验的影响下，叶芝的创作风格发生了比较激烈的变化，更加趋近现代主义了。

叶芝不仅仅是艾比剧院的决策者之一，也曾担任爱尔兰国会参议员一职。他十分重视自己的这些社会职务，是爱尔兰参议院中有名的工作勤奋者。叶芝曾于1923年获得诺贝尔文学奖，获奖的理由是“以其高度艺术化且洋溢着灵感的诗作表达了整个民族的灵魂”。1934年，他和拉迪亚德·吉卜林共同获得古腾堡诗歌奖。

详见中文链接：

http://baike.baidu.com/view/7846.htm

http://www.cnpoet.com/waiguo/irelend/1yezhi.htm

及英文链接：

http://www.online-literature.com/yeats/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats

http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/wbyeats.htm

 

 

A Coat                       外衣

W. B. Yeats (1865-1939)         WB 叶芝（1865-1939）   傅浩译

 

I MADE my song a coat         我为我的歌织就

Covered with embroideries       一身五彩的外衣，

Out of old mythologies          上面缀满从古老的

From heel to throat;             神话中抽出的锦绣；

But the fools caught it,           可愚人们将它夺去，

Wore it in the world's eyes        穿起来在人前炫示，

As though they'd wrought it.      俨然出于自己之手。

Song, let them take it,            歌，就让他们拿去，

For there's more enterprise        因为需要有更大的勇气

In walking naked.               才敢赤身行走。

 

 

《外衣》分析（引自无名氏）

A Coat Analysis

（1）

This was Yeats coming of age poem. He came to wisdom, understanding that the coat did not make him who he was. It takes a fool to know a fool. He is almost saying, "What a fool I have been for bothering with this coat." But if he had never made the coat, then he would have never came to this wisdom.
Yes he was angry. Yes he accepted the fools for who they were, finally understanding his audience. And yes he moved on instead of giving up; having a much greater understanding of his audience and therefore creating more serious poetry from there on out.

（2）

Actually the opposite, he was angry that his syle of writing had had been copied by so many others (but the fools caught it), so he changes his syle completely. He did let them have his song, as we see yeats becomes a much more serious (for want of a better word) poet following 'a coat.'

（3）

I am a student and we have been studying Yeats over the past few classes. I wrote an essay on him. I will interpret this the best that I can, I don't know if I understand it though. During the Irish National Theatre movement, that Yeats helped to start, he wrote this poem...I think he was searching for something new...a new audience, maybe he had a new message. Seems like maybe for so long he had a mask on, a good one that he portrayed to the world and one which was made up of his old beliefs and now the audience has on that same coat with those beliefs (maybe he got his original message across and he is now moving on) and he feels enlightened in his new skin. ???

 

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