7、牛肝菌目Boletales 主要特征: (1)担子果肉质、柔软,伞菌状,菌盖厚实; (2)子实层体多为管状,有的褶状,延生; (3)菌管易与菌盖分离; (4)多为外生菌根菌,少数腐生。
牛肝菌科Boletaceae 牛肝菌属Boletus Dill. ex Fr. 铜色牛肝菌(黑牛肝菌)(食) B.aereus Bull.ex Fr.
美味牛肝菌B.edulis Bull. ex Fr.(食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/200843161325426.jpg)
小牛肝菌属(假牛肝菌属)Boletinus Kalchbr. 松林小牛肝菌B.pinetorum (Chiu) Teng(食,微毒)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/200843161718910.jpg)
疣柄牛肝菌属Leccinum S.F.Gray 褐疣柄牛肝菌Lscabrum (Bull. ex Fr.) Gray (食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/200843161621941.jpg)
乳牛肝菌属Suillus Mich. ex Gray 乳牛肝菌(粘盖牛肝菌)S.bovinus (L.ex Fr.) O.Kuntz. (食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/200843161429363.jpg)
铆钉菇科Gomphidiaceae 铆钉菇属Gomphidius Fr. 玫瑰红铆钉菇(红铆钉菇)G.roseus Fr.(食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/200843161945863.jpg)
血红铆钉菇G.rutilus (Schaeff. et Fr.) O.K.Miller.(食)
圆孔牛肝菌科Gyrodontaceae 圆孔牛肝菌属Gyroporus Quél. 蓝圆孔(孢)牛肝菌(食) G.cyanescens (Bull. ex Fr.) Quél.
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/20084316232420.jpg)
桩菇科Paxiliaceae 桩菇属Paxillus Fr. 黑毛桩菇(毛柄网褶菌)P.atrotomentosus (Bats.ex Fr.) Fr. (毒性不明)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/200843162558551.jpg)
松塔牛肝菌科Strobilomycetaceae 松塔牛肝菌属Strobilomyces Berk. 绒柄松塔牛肝菌(松塔牛肝菌)S.floccopus (Vahl. ex Fr.) Karst.(S.strobilaceus Scop. ex Fr.)(食)
绒盖牛肝菌科Xerocomaceae 绒盖牛肝菌属Xerocomus Quél. 红绒盖牛肝菌X.chrysenteron (Bull. ex Fr.) Quél.(食) 褶孔菌属Phylloporus Quél.
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/200843164749363777.jpg)
红黄褶孔菌(褶孔牛肝菌)P.rhodoxanthus (Schw.) Bres. (食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/200843164499885.jpg)
8、红菇目Russulales 主要特征: (1)担子果伞状,小至大型; (2)子实层生于菌褶表面; (3)孢子无色至有色,多数有刺、疣、棱纹或网纹; (4)地上生,多为外生菌根菌。
红菇科Russulaceae 乳菇属Lactarius DC.ex S.F.Gray 松乳菇L.deliciosus (L.ex Fr.) Gray(食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/20084316553551205.jpg)
红汁乳菇L.hatsudake Tanaka (食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/2008431695464511.jpg)
红菇属Russula Pers. ex S.F.Gray 铜绿红菇R.aeruginea (Lindb.) Fr.(食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/200843165555363293.jpg)
白红菇(小白菇)R.albida PK.(食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/200843162657723547.jpg)
革质红菇(大红菇)R.alutacea (Pers.) Fr.(食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/2008431605935620.jpg)
美味红菇(大白菇、石灰菌)R.delica Fr.(食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/20084317180285401.jpg)
毒红菇(桃花菌)R.emetica (Schaeff. ex Fr.) Pers. ex Gray (毒,胃肠炎症状)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/2008431741410269.jpg)
臭红菇(臭黄菇)R.foetens Pers.ex Fr. (毒,胃肠炎症状)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/20084317192463.jpg)
亚黑红菇(亚稀褶黑菇、毒黑菇)R.subnigricans Hongo(毒,影响呼吸循环,溶血,致肾功能衰竭)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/2008431766598407.jpg)
9、硬皮马勃目Sclerodematales 主要特征: (1)担子果球形,有柄或无柄; (2)担子果包被1-3层或4层,顶端形成小孔或不规则开裂; (3)产孢腔蜂窝状,产孢组织成熟后粉末状; (4)地上生,或枯枝落叶,朽木表面生。
硬皮地星科Astraceae 硬皮地星属Astraeus Morg. 硬皮地星A.hygrometricus (Pers.) Morg.(食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/2008431708145235.jpg)
硬皮马勃科Sclerodermataceae 硬皮马勃属Scleroderma Pers. 马勃状硬皮马勃(网硬皮马勃)S.areolatum Ehrenb.(食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/20084317261075410.jpg)
橙黄硬皮马勃S.citirnum Pers.(食)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/2008431719379949.jpg)
豆马勃属Pisolithus Alb.et Schw. 彩色豆马勃P.tinctorius (Mich.ex Pers.) Kok. et Couch.(毒,消肿止血)
![](/blog/admin/images/upimages/20084317531151747.jpg)
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第二节 常见食用菌和毒菌的识别(四)