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2024年12月5日,苏州系统医学研究所李贵登、美国华盛顿大学Philip D. Greenberg共同通讯在Cancer Cell在线发表题为“Mannose metabolism reshapes T cell differentiation to enhance anti-tumor immunity”的研究论文,揭示了甘露糖促进β-catenin的O-GlcNAc修饰,重塑T细胞分化,增强抗肿瘤免疫的分子机制。
研究人员对T细胞的单细胞代谢分析表明,甘露糖代谢减少是T细胞功能障碍的一个突出特征。而补充D-甘露糖来增强/恢复过继转移T细胞的甘露糖代谢,可以增强抗肿瘤活性,并限制体外和体内的衰竭分化。从机制上说,D-甘露糖处理诱导细胞内代谢编程,增加O-GlcNAc转移酶OGT介导的β-catenin的O-GlcNAc糖基化修饰,从而保持Tcf7的表达和表观遗传干性,从而促进T细胞中的干细胞样程序。此外,补充D-甘露糖的体外扩增产生具有干细胞特性的过继治疗T细胞产品,即使经过广泛的长期扩增,也显示出增强的抗肿瘤功效。这些发现揭示了细胞内在甘露糖代谢作为CD8+ T细胞命运的生理调节剂,将增殖/扩增与分化解耦,并强调了甘露糖调节在癌症免疫治疗中的治疗潜力。
免疫疗法已经在不同的肿瘤类型中显示出临床疗效和持久的反应,如免疫检查点抑制剂阻断(ICB)和过继性T细胞疗法(ACT)。然而,在肿瘤微环境(TME)或慢性病毒感染期间,CD8+ T细胞经常经历向衰竭分化的轨迹。这种衰竭状态导致T细胞功能障碍和持久性差,对有效的T细胞免疫疗法提出了重大挑战。因此,确定控制T细胞持久性的因素,同时限制向衰竭的分化,对于设计合理的策略来延长抗肿瘤T细胞反应至关重要。
细胞代谢通过利用细胞内燃料产生T细胞分化、增殖、存活和效应功能所必需的能量和生物合成前体,协调基本的生物程序,维持T细胞的稳态。效应T细胞依靠升高的糖酵解活性和单碳代谢来快速扩增和细胞毒性,而干细胞样T细胞具有增强的脂肪酸氧化(FAO)和线粒体备用呼吸能力(SRC),有助于长期存在。耗竭的T细胞表现为代谢不足,其特征是线粒体呼吸和糖酵解均受到抑制。TME内独特的环境线索产生了影响T细胞行为的不同代谢调节机制。先前的研究表明,酸性TME不仅可以促进T细胞功能障碍,还可以促进T细胞的干性。此外,TME中的代谢应激和慢性抗原刺激会损害线粒体适应性,重塑表观遗传格局,从而阻碍T细胞抗肿瘤免疫。
研究人员证明了甘露糖代谢受损是耗竭的T细胞的一个显著特征,导致了它们的功能障碍。在离体制造过程中,通过D-甘露糖处理增强T细胞中的甘露糖代谢,促进了干细胞样分化和持续的长期扩增,从而改善了体内肿瘤控制。在机制上,D-甘露糖暴露诱导细胞内代谢编程,并通过OGT激活Wnt信号通路,从而介导O-GlcNAc糖基化增加和β-catenin稳定,促进Tcf7表达并维持表观遗传干性。这些发现强调了甘露糖代谢作为T细胞功能的生理调节剂的作用,并强调了其作为免疫治疗有希望的介入靶点的潜力。
亮点 Highlights
•Enhancing mannose metabolism limits T cell differentiation to exhaustion
•D-mannose alters T cell metabolic and epigenetic landscapes, promoting stemness
•D-mannose remodels T cell O-GlcNAcylation of proteins and stabilizes β-catenin
•T cells expanded with D-mannose show enhanced anti-tumor efficacy
摘要 Summary
Cellular metabolic status profoundly influences T cell differentiation, persistence, and anti-tumor efficacy. Our single-cell metabolic analyses of T cells reveal that diminished mannose metabolism is a prominent feature of T cell dysfunction. Conversely, experimental augmentation/restoration of mannose metabolism in adoptively transferred T cells via D-mannose supplementation enhances anti-tumor activity and restricts exhaustion differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, D-mannose treatment induces intracellular metabolic programming and increases the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT)-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of β-catenin, which preserves Tcf7 expression and epigenetic stemness, thereby promoting stem-like programs in T cells. Furthermore, in vitro expansion with D-mannose supplementation yields T cell products for adoptive therapy with stemness characteristics, even after extensive long-term expansion, that exhibits enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. These findings reveal cell-intrinsic mannose metabolism as a physiological regulator of CD8+ T cell fate, decoupling proliferation/expansion from differentiation, and underscoring the therapeutic potential of mannose modulation in cancer immunotherapy.
参考资料:Qiu, Yajing et al.Mannose metabolism reshapes T cell differentiation to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Cell, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2024.11.003
原文链接:https://www.cell.com/cancer-cell/fulltext/S1535-6108(24)00438-0
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