1 期刊同行评审在鉴定低级错误方面很低效

期刊同行评审被认为是避免发表错误概念的有效途径。

然而，

实践反复证明：期刊同行评审很难发现文章中的低级错误，但是能高效阻止新思想的传播。

“So we have little evidence on the effectiveness of peer review, but we have considerable evidence 

on its defects. In addition to being poor at detecting gross defects and 

almost useless for detecting fraud it is slow, expensive, profligate of academic time,

highly subjective, something of a lottery, prone to bias, and easily abused.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1420798

Peer review: a flawed process at the heart of science and journals

--

“Now pretty much every journal uses outside experts to vet papers, 

and papers that don‘t please reviewers get rejected … 

Weak-link thinking makes scientific censorship seem reasonable, 

but all censorship does is make old ideas harder to defeat. 

Remember that it used to be obviously true that the Earth is the center of the universe, 

and if scientific journals had existed in Copernicus‘ time, 

geocentrist reviewers would have rejected his paper and patted themselves on the back 

for preventing the spread of misinformation. Eugenics used to be hot stuff in science

—do you think a bunch of racists would give the green light to a paper showing 

that Black people are just as smart as white people? Or any paper at all by a Black author? 

(And if you think that‘s ancient history: this dynamic is still playing out today.) 

We still don‘t understand basic truths about the universe, 

and many ideas we believe today will one day be debunked. 

Peer review, like every form of censorship, merely slows down truth.

”https://www.experimental-history.com/p/the-rise-and-fall-of-peer-review

The rise and fall of peer review

===============================================

在微波吸收领域，文章中的低级错误大量存在。

由于学术界对于纠正这些错误不感兴趣，导致微波吸收研究领域的整个理论框架全部都错了，长期得不到纠正。

当正确的微波吸收的波动力学理论建立后，材料科学家因为低级错误建立的概念，理解不了新的正确理论。

因此他们继续错误理论的实践而不提反方观点，错误文章仍然大量发表：

现行微波吸收理论的AI智能回答，回答的很到位

期刊同行评审:发现稿件错误很低效，不让颠覆性创新正确稿件发表效率很高

错误不是毒蛇猛兽

科学就是质疑；你好，我好，大家都好就不会有科学

Vazire, S., 2020. A toast to the error detectors. Nature. 577, 9.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03909-2

为期刊文献纠错鼓与呼

2 期刊同行评审在鉴定低级错误方面很低效的实列

期刊同行评审在鉴定低级错误方面很低效的实列很多，但是大家倾向于对此视而不见。

---------------

下面两篇文章给出相当多的实例，审稿人的审稿意见倾向于轻视这些错误：

Recognizing Problems in Publications Concerned with Microwave Absorption Film 

and Providing Corrections: A Focused Review - Article (Preprint v2) by Yue Liu et al. | Qeios

--

Corrections of Common Errors in Current Theories of Microwave Absorption 

Caused by Confusing Film and Material - Article (Preprint v1) by Yue Liu et al. | Qeios

------------------

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07496-9

Comment on the relationship between electrical and optical conductivity used in several recent papers 

published in the journal of materials science: materials in electronics

 | Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics (springer.com)

该文指出一个教课书水平的错误反复发表在多种有影响的专业期刊上的91篇文章中，

这个错误没有被众多期刊的审稿人发现，说明企图用期刊同行评审避免低级错误是不可能实现的任务。

---------------

https://www.zhihu.com/question/629479594/answer/3361023597

微波吸收材料领域困惑? - 知乎 (zhihu.com)

很多文献将Z_M定义为输入阻抗，将Z_in含糊地定义为阻抗。

专著：

A. ISHIMARU, ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION, RADIATION, AND SCATTERING, From Fundamentals to Applications, Second ed., (John Wiley & Sons, 2017) 

将实轴虚轴与膜的几何坐标轴相混淆，给出错误的Z_M公式:

多篇文章将波叠加中的振幅加减定义为光束的能量相加减,

将同方向传播的波的叠加与驻波相混淆等等。

Reflection loss mechanism of single layer absorber for flake-shaped carbonyl-iron particle composite 

| Journal of Applied Physics | AIP Publishing

多篇文章根据错误的阻抗匹配理论和错误的四分之一波长理论得到错误结论：

介电常数和磁导率与材料厚度相关，

Microwave permittivity and permeability experiments in high-loss dielectrics: 

Caution with implicit Fabry-Pérot resonance for negative imaginary permeability 

| Applied Physics Letters | AIP Publishing

Approximate solution of impedance matching for nonmagnetic homogeneous absorbing materials 

| The European Physical Journal Special Topics (springer.com)

linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0008622324001544

A perspective on impedance matching and resonance absorption mechanism for electromagnetic wave absorbing - ScienceDirect

批判这种错误理论方法的三篇文章：

Ying Liu, Michael G. B. Drew, Yue Liu, A physics investigation on impedance matching theory 

in microwave absorption film—Part 2: Problem Analyses, 

Journal of Applied Physics, 2023, 134(4), 045304

Ying Liu, Yue Liu, Drew M.G.B, A re-evaluation of the mechanism of microwave absorption in film  

Part 3: Inverse relationship, Mater. Chem. Phys. 2022, 290, 126521

Yue Liu, Ying Liu, Michael G. B. Drew,  Review:  Recognizing Problems in Publications Concerned 

with Microwave Absorption Film and Providing Corrections: A Focused Review, 

Qeios, preprin,  2024-07-01

---------------

一个具体例子，2024年新近的一篇文章：

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11351-y

Defect and Vacancy Engineering Improved Microwave Absorption 

in a BaCo2Fe16O27 Composite with Sm Doping/Annealing | 

Journal of Electronic Materials (springer.com)

• Received 17 February 2024

• Accepted 24 July  2024

• Published 14 August 2024

Dong, H., Yun, Z., Zheng, G. et al. Defect and Vacancy Engineering Improved Microwave Absorption 

in a BaCo2Fe16O27 Composite with Sm Doping/Annealing. 

J. Electron. Mater. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11351-y

根据文中的定义：

文中图S3中的Z_in/Z₀应该是Z_in，审稿人没有看出来：

只要将RL/dB的曲线与图S3相比对，就能发现：

图S3提供的实验结果是推翻阻抗匹配理论的证据，

因为在|Z_in|=|Z₀|处并没有吸收峰，这种结果不是实验误差。

但是很多作者无视错误理论与实验数据不符的事实，睁着眼睛胡说八道，

都用这种数据“支持”错误的阻抗匹配理论，

大家都不长脑子，人云亦云，都不善于从细微处发现问题。

这种问题审稿人不可能看得出来。

纠错文章把|RL|和|Z_in/Z₀|曲线画在同一张图上比对：

Ying Liu, Michael. G.B. Drew, Yue Liu, Chapter 4: Fundamental Theory of Microwave Absorption for Films of Porous Nanocomposites: Role of Interfaces in Composite-Fillers, in Porous Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Edited by: Sabu Thomas, Claudio Paoloni, Avinash R. Pai, 2024, Elsevier, [978-0-323-90035-5_B978-0-323-90035-5.00013-1], pp. 59 - 90, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90035-5.00013-1

Ying Liu; Xiangbin Yin; M. G. B. Drew; Yue Liu, Microwave absorption of film explained accurately 

by wave cancellation theory, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2023, 666, 415108

---------

文中的错误公式（5）

是错的，审稿人没有看出来。

-----

另外，微波吸收中的阻抗匹配理论是错误的理论。

尽管在微波吸收中，Z_in=Z₀时所有入射微波被膜吸收，

但是，

这个结论不能推广到Z_in不等于Z₀时的吸收峰。

------

文章没有说明Sx和Sy究竟是什么。

实际上，文章中Sx和Sy分别是无金属后衬的膜的s₁₁和s₂₁.

正确的答案见2022年的文章：

Ying Liu, Yue Liu, Drew M.G.B, A re-evaluation of the mechanism of microwave absorption in film – Part 2: The Real mechanism, Mater. Chem. Phys,. 2022, 291, 126601.

的补充材料公式A29。

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0254058422009075?via%3Dihub

Received 21 April 2022, Revised 28 July 2022, Accepted 29 July 2022, 

Available online 5 August 2022, Version of Record 2 September 2022.

2022年的正确公式（A29）纠正上面2024年错误的公式（5）

或者文章：

Ying Liu, Yue Liu, Drew M.G.B, A re-evaluation of the mechanism of microwave absorption in film – Part 1: Energy conservation, Mater. Chem. Phys. 2022, 290,126576.

中的正确公式（22）：

或者文章：

Liu Y, Liu Y, Drew MGB. A theoretical investigation of the quarter-wavelength model — part 2: verification and extension. Physica Scripta 2022 , 97(1) : 015806.

中的正确公式（A16）：