关于流体在纳米通道内呈现的有异于常规的粘度、密度等特性早在上世纪六七十年代就被注意到，并在上世纪八十年代被分子动力学模拟、表面力仪等手段广泛研究[1-8]，伴随的奇异流动特性自上世纪七十年代以来一直被实验和分子动力学模拟大量研究[9-15]。1985年，Chan和Horn [9] 在实验中发现点接触膜厚低于50纳米时反常润滑现象，认为此时需要一种新的润滑理论来解释。1991年，英国帝国理工Spikes与其合作者开发出了一种用于测试纳米级润滑膜厚的光干涉测试装置[16]。学界一直认为摩擦的机理分干摩擦、边界摩擦和液体摩擦三种，相应的润滑状态应是化学反应边界润滑、物理吸附边界润滑和流体润滑。理论和实验研究不断证实了这种观点——再无其它润滑机理。我和同事也在这方面做了若干工作，并取得了若干进展[17-20]。

参考文献：

[1]Debye, P. and Cleland, R. L., Flow of liquid hydrocarbons in porous vycor. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol.30, 1959, 843-849.

[2]Abraham, F. F., The interfacial density profile of a Lennard-Jones fluid in contact with a (100) Lennard-Jones wall and its relationship to idealized fluid/wall systems: A Monte Carlo simulation. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol.68, 1978, 3713-3716.

[3]Chauveteau, G., Tirrell, M., Omari, A., Concentration dependence of the effective viscosity of polymer solutions in small pores with repulsive or attractive walls. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol.100, 1984, 41-54.

[4]Horn, R. G.., Smith, D. T. and Haller, W., Surface forces and viscosity of water measured between silica sheets. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol.162, 1989, 404-408.

[5]Magda, J. J., Tirrell, M., Davis, H. T., Molecular dynamics of narrow, liquid-filled Pores. Journal of Chemical Physics,  Vol.83, 1985, 1888-1901.

[6]Bitsanis, I., Vanderlick, T. K., Tirrell, M. and Davis, H. T., A tractable molecular theory of flow in strongly inhomogeneous fluids. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol.89, 1988, 3152-3162.

[7]Horn, R. G.., Smith, D. T. and Haller, W., Surface forces and viscosity of water measured between silica sheets. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol.162, 1989, 404-408.

[8]Jabbarzadeh, A., Atkinson, J. D. and Tanner, R. I., Rheological properties of thin liquid films by molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, Vol.69, 1997, 169-193.

[9]Chan, D. Y. C. and Horn, R. G., The drainage of thin liquid films between solid surfaces. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol.83, 1985, 5311-5324.

[10]Stillinger, F. H. and Rahman, A., Improved simulation of liquid water by molecular dynamics. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol.60, 1974, 1545-1550.

[11]Bitsanis, I., Magda, J. J., Tirrell, M. and Davis, H. T., Molecular dynamics of flow in micropores. Journal of Chemical Physics, 1987, Vol.87, 1733-1750.

[12]Lee, S. H. and Rossky, P. J., A comparison of the structure and dynamics of liquid water at hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces-a molecular dynamics simulation study. Journal of Chemical Physcis, Vol.100, 1994, 3334-3340.

[13]Fan, X. J., Phan-Thien, N., Yong, N. T. and Diao, X., Molecular dynamics simulation of a liquid in a complex nano channel flow. Physics of Fluids Vol.14, 2002, 1146.

[14] Tohidi, M. and Toghraie, D., The effect of geometrical parameters, roughness and the number of nanoparticles on the self-diffusion coefficient in Couette flow in a nanochannel by using of molecular dynamics simulation. Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol.518, 2017, 20-32.

[15]Jiang, C., Ouyang, J., Wang, L., Liu, Q. and Wang, X., Transport properties and structure of dense methane fluid in the rough nanochannels using non-equilibrium multiscale molecular dynamics simulation, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.110, 2017, 80–93.

[16]Johnston, G. J., Wayte, R. and Spikes, H. A., The measurement and study of very thin lubricant films in concentrated contacts. Tribology Transactions, Vol.34, 1991, 187-194.

[17]Zhang, Y. B., The flow equation for a nanoscale fluid flow. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016,Vol.92, 1004-1008.

[18]Jiang, C. T. and Zhang, Y. B., Direct matching between the flow factor approach model and molecular dynamics simulation for nanochannel flows. Scientific Reports, Vol.12, 2022, 396.

[19]Zhang, Y. B., Modeling of flow in a very small surface separation, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2020, Vol.82, 573–586.

[20]Zhang, Y. B., New explanation for the measured very low film thicknesses in lubricated concentrated contacts. Journal of the Balkan Tribological Association, Vol.27, No.3, 2021, 439-444.