[小资料，图片] 巴西自由尾蝙蝠 Tadarida brasiliensis 飞行的照片( Brazilian free-tailed Bat ) 

   巴西自由尾蝙蝠（Brazilian Free-tailed Bat, Tadarida brasiliensis）：水平飞行最快的动物

   巴西自由尾蝙蝠是一种属于蝙蝠目自由尾蝙蝠科自由尾蝙蝠属的动物，主要分布在美洲的热带和亚热带地区。它以昆虫为主要食物，如飞蛾、甲虫、蚊子等。巴西自由尾蝙蝠是水平飞行中最快的动物，它的速度可达160公里每小时，相当于高速公路上的摩托车。巴西自由尾蝙蝠在飞行时会利用气流和地形，选择最佳的高度和方向，以节省能量和提高效率。巴西自由尾蝙蝠在捕食时会发出超声波，并根据回声定位猎物的位置和运动轨迹。

   巴西自由尾蝙蝠之所以能够飞得这么快，主要得益于它特殊的翅膀和尾巴，以及高效的呼吸和代谢系统。巴西自由尾蝙蝠有着长而窄的翅膀，这种翅型有利于提高飞行速度和稳定性，但会降低机动性和升力。巴西自由尾蝙蝠还有着长而灵活的尾巴，它可以帮助调整姿态和方向，以及捕捉空中的昆虫。巴西自由尾蝙蝠还有着高效的呼吸和代谢系统，能够在高速飞行中提供足够的氧气和能量，并排除多余的热量和废物。

https://www.kepuchina.cn/article/articleinfo?business_type=100&classify=0&ar_id=425351

   The Brazilian free-tailed bat is the fastest flyer of all aviators.

   There is a brand-new world-record holder for fastest speed of horizontal flight in the animal kingdom: the noble title previously had been held by the common swift, which flies up to 100 kilometers per hour. But scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Radolfzell have learned that the Brazilian free-tailed bat can fly up to 160 kilometers per hour, due in large part to an especially aerodynamic body shape and long wings.

   巴西自由尾蝙蝠是所有飞行员中飞行速度最快的。

   在动物王国中，有一个全新的水平飞行最快速度世界纪录保持者：此前，这一崇高的头衔由飞行速度高达每小时100公里的普通雨燕保持。但位于拉多尔夫泽尔的马克斯·普朗克鸟类研究所的科学家们已经了解到，巴西自由尾蝙蝠的飞行速度可达每小时160公里，这在很大程度上是由于其特别符合空气动力学的体型和长长的翅膀。

https://www.earth.com/news/brazilian-free-tailed-bat-flies-speeds/

图1  Brazilian free-tailed bat flies at breakneck speeds 巴西自由尾蝙蝠以惊人的速度飞行

https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2016/11/10130059/bat.jpg

https://www.earth.com/news/brazilian-free-tailed-bat-flies-speeds/

图2  Tadarida brasiliensis, Brazilian free-tailed bat 巴西自由尾蝙蝠

https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/Grzimek_mammals/Molossidae/Tadarida_brasiliensis/medium.jpg

https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Tadarida_brasiliensis/pictures/collections/contributors/Grzimek_mammals/Molossidae/Tadarida_brasiliensis/

图3  Changes in kinematics and aerodynamics over a range of speeds in Tadarida brasiliensis, the Brazilian free-tailed bat 巴西自由尾蝙蝠Tadarida brasiliensis在不同速度下的运动学和空气动力学变化

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/cms/asset/4628d1e8-a0aa-40bc-a252-f9a2d64d69b0/rsif20110838f01.jpg

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsif.2011.0838

图4  巴西自由尾蝙蝠

http://www.masterimages.org/Mammals/Bats/Brazilian%20Free-tailed%20Bat/slides/IMG_5766c.jpg

http://www.masterimages.org/Mammals/Bats/Brazilian%20Free-tailed%20Bat/index.html

图5  巴西自由尾蝙蝠

http://www.masterimages.org/Mammals/Bats/Brazilian%20Free-tailed%20Bat/slides/IMG_5760c.jpg

http://www.masterimages.org/Mammals/Bats/Brazilian%20Free-tailed%20Bat/index.html

图6  Tadarida brasiliensis (I. Geoffroy, 1824) 巴西自由尾蝙蝠

https://georgiabiodiversity.org/natels/static/upload_img/17765/TADR.PNG

https://georgiabiodiversity.org/profile/profile?group=None&es_id=17765

图7  Mexican free-tailed bats (also known as Brazilian free-tailed bats)  巴西自由尾蝙蝠

https://img.texasmonthly.com/2016/07/feature-migration-tadarida-brasiliensis-mexican-free-tailed-bat-dan-oko-lisel-ashlock-illustration.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=432&ixlib=php-3.3.1&q=45&w=768&wpsize=medium_large

https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/something-way-move/

图8  巴西自由尾蝙蝠

https://floridawildlifefederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Brazilian-Free-Tailed-Bat-4.png

https://floridawildlifefederation.org/brazilian-free-tailed-bat/

图9  巴西自由尾蝙蝠 (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana)

https://www.joelsartore.com/wp-content/uploads/stock/ANI014/ANI014-00125.jpg

https://www.joelsartore.com/ani014-00125/

参考资料：

[1] 科普中国，2023-07-12，猎豹、游隼、蝙蝠、枪鱼，谁是地球上最快的动物？

https://www.kepuchina.cn/article/articleinfo?business_type=100&classify=0&ar_id=425351

   3. 巴西自由尾蝙蝠：水平飞行最快的动物

   巴西自由尾蝙蝠是水平飞行中最快的动物，它的速度可达160公里每小时，相当于高速公路上的摩托车。

[2] 科普中国，2022-10-24，为什么只有翼龙、鸟类和蝙蝠这三类脊椎动物，征服了天空？

https://www.kepuchina.cn/article/articleinfo?business_type=100&classify=0&ar_id=371897

[3] 知乎，2022-10-12，普通雨燕（Common swift）」（学名Apus apus）才是鸟类飞行速度领域真正的佼佼者

https://www.zhihu.com/question/31576927

[4] arth.com, 2016-11-10,Brazilian free-tailed bat flies at breakneck speeds

https://www.earth.com/news/brazilian-free-tailed-bat-flies-speeds/

[5] University of Michigan, Brazilian free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis

http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Tadarida_brasiliensis/

[6] Animal Diversity Web, Tadarida brasiliensis, Brazilian free-tailed bat

https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Tadarida_brasiliensis/pictures/collections/contributors/Grzimek_mammals/Molossidae/Tadarida_brasiliensis/

[7] Tatjana Y. Hubel, Nickolay I. Hristov, Sharon M. Swartz and Kenneth S. Breuer. Changes in kinematics and aerodynamics over a range of speeds in Tadarida brasiliensis, the Brazilian free-tailed bat [J]. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2012, 9(71): 1120-1130. 

doi:  10.1098/rsif.2011.0838

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsif.2011.0838

[8] Brazilian Free-tailed Bat

http://www.masterimages.org/Mammals/Bats/Brazilian%20Free-tailed%20Bat/index.html

[9] Tadarida brasiliensis (I. Geoffroy, 1824), Brazilian Free-tailed Bat

https://georgiabiodiversity.org/profile/profile?group=None&es_id=17765

[10] Florida Wildlife Federation, 2020-10-26, Brazilian Free-Tailed Bat

https://floridawildlifefederation.org/brazilian-free-tailed-bat/

[11] Joel Sartore, 2023, ANI014-00125, Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) at Night Wings Inc., in Lubbock, Texas.

https://www.joelsartore.com/ani014-00125/

相关链接：

[1] 2023-10-02，[小资料，图片] 尖尾雨燕 swift 飞行的照片( Apus apus ) 

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1404492.html

[2] 2023-09-30，[小资料，图片] 丘鹬 Scolopax rusticola 飞行的照片( eurasian woodcock )

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1404329.html

[3] 2023-09-20，[小资料] 我国近年风能、太阳能分布图

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1403262.html

[4] 2021-05-18，[征集] 碳中和（carbon neutral）里风能的具体利用

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1287138.html

[5] 2020-03-03，趋同进化：再谈低风速风机的叶片

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1221594.html

[6] 2022-12-02，感谢中国科学院《科学智慧火花》给贴出《大风风电与海水蓄能的可能思路》

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1366252.html

[7] 科学智慧火花，2022-04-30，大风风电与海水蓄能的可能思路

https://idea.cas.cn/viewudoc.action?docid=81256

[8] 科学智慧火花，2021-08-15，高空机翼风筝发电设想

https://idea.cas.cn/viewdoc.action?docid=78675

[9] 科学智慧火花，2020-10-14，低风速风机叶片几何形状优化设计的风洞实验设想

https://idea.cas.cn/viewdoc.action?docid=76036

[10] 科学智慧火花，2020-10-14，发展我国东南沿海风电的一些可能的建议

https://idea.cas.cn/viewdoc.action?docid=76038

[11] 科学智慧火花，2020-03-04，仿生：提高风机叶片性能的一些设想

https://idea.cas.cn/viewdoc.action?docid=73425

[12] 科学智慧火花，2019-12-13，低风速风机：“变形”叶片

https://idea.cas.cn/viewdoc.action?docid=72032

[13] 科学智慧火花，2019-02-25，水平轴风机大偏航角下可能混入垂直轴风机的出力特性

https://idea.cas.cn/viewdoc.action?docid=68313

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