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2000年6月13日日记
黄安年文 黄安年2023年6月29日发布(第32876篇)
【按:自2022年12月23日起分批发布1999年10月22日-2000年7月4日我们的美国之行日记内容,这里是2000年6月13日日记。当时日记如实记叙所见所为所思所想,为普通公民实录具有史料价值,无涉当今价值判断】
2000年6月13日 (星期二) 阴历五月十二,White Plains,大雨
今天是来美国的第235天,离预定7月4日返回北京的日子还有22天。按照前天的预报,Niagara Falls,星期二,C13-C26,部分多云。可是实际上一清早天气阴沉,7:00am,下起了小雨,8:45am起,下起了中到大雨,其后雨势从未停歇,在中雨和大雨之间。11am后中雨、大雨到暴雨随着我们走的线路一直未停,直到晚上8点后进入新泽西地区后,情况才有所好转。
5:40am,我门已经醒来,冼了一个热水澡,以补昨夜的不足。不到6:30am,我们在Ramada旅馆吃了一顿比较丰盛的免费早餐。7:10am,旅游车-8:00am就到了Niagara Falls。Buffalo处于Lake Erie & Niagara的交汇点,从这里到Niagara Falls,可以从古地理历史上找到Niagara Falls形成的历史痕迹。汽车走190号公路通过South Grand Island Bridge进入Grand Island ,它的东面是Niagara River (East), 西面是Niagara River (West),这条河的主航道(猜想如此)与加拿大划界,成为两果共管的河流,从这里我们进入美国境内的Nigara Res. St. Park,很快从平缓如镜的水面到了急流险滩的大瀑布的中心地带,从老远处我们看到一团雾气冲天,就知道那里就是世界七大奇观之一的Niagara 大瀑布了。进入美国一侧的公羊岛(Goat Island),旅游车停在这里。有关Niagara Falls导游书称:“Young in geologic time, Niagara Falls were created by the recession and melting of a mammoth ice sheet. As the ice retreated some 50,000 years ago the land rose behind it, forming such ridges as the Niagara Escarpment. The melting ice formed a vast lake in what is now lake Erie and its surrounding lowlands; the lake overflowed about 12,000 years ago, creating Niagara Falls. The falls originally formed 7 miles north in what is now Lewiston. Due to erosion, they are currently about midway between lakes Erie and Ontario on the Niagara River, a 37-mile-long strait that is Niagara Falls, N. Y., and Niagara Falls, Ont., are connected by bridges across the river.”。“The Canadian, or Horseshoe, Fall are 176 feet high with a deeply curving crest of about 2,200 feet. The American Falls, higher at 184 feet, have a shorter (about 1,075 feet), fairly straight crest. The third and smallest of Niagara’s falls, Bridge Veil , is separated from the other falls by Luna and Goat Islands.”。“Untouched, the combined flow of the water over the falls would be about 1.1/2 million gallons per second; however, one -half to three-quarters of the river is diverted for the generation of electricity before it reaches the falls. Most of the siphoning is done at night. The water flow is reduced to about 700,000 gallons per second during the tourist season and to less at other times.”“Goat Island, surrounded by the Niagara River, separates the Canadian Falls and American Falls. Easily accessible by foot or vehicular bridge, this wooded island has paved drives and walks that offer spectacular views from the edges of both falls”。
8:00-8:20am间我们参观了位于加拿大境内的马蹄型瀑布(Horseshoe Falls),它是我们看到的第一个大瀑布群,在公羊岛的西侧。在环岛林荫道的东边是三姐妹岛(The three Sisters Islands),那里的急流较多,我们没有时间停留。马蹄型瀑布是三个瀑布群中最大的一块,记得1991年翁乃群陪我来参观时正是下午四点多光景,阳光明媚,随着上百万加仑瀑布的水倾入100多米的深的河中形成巨大无比的水气,遇到阳光形成了十分壮丽的彩虹场面。今天正好是时雨是阴,不可能看到彩虹,但是水雾迷漫的场景更加引人瞩目。公羊岛和马蹄型瀑布之间是Tetrapin Point,如果不看地图是不会注意到这个美加分界线的。我们在马蹄型瀑布前足足停留了大约20分钟,仔细欣赏这大自然的壮观,并且留下了宝贵的镜头。
8:20-8:45am间,我们又参观了公羊岛西北面的两个大瀑布:新娘面纱(Bridal Veil Falls)和美国瀑布( American Falls),它们均位于美国境内。这三大瀑布群(实际四个)统称Niagara Falls。新娘面纱瀑布位于公羊岛的西北部,她的气势最为神秘,从那里再向北端走去则是American Falls,这是Luna Island的附近,它面对Prospect Point与加拿大分界。这两大瀑布因为在美国境内,所以要见其壮观的真面目需要到对岸的加拿大境内细细观察,不过也可以在这里选择有利地势看她的侧面。
8:45-9:30am, 我们离开公羊岛来到大瀑布了望塔(Prospect Point Observation Tower),在这里又可以从另外的侧面参观新娘面纱瀑布和美国瀑布的磅礴气势。这时雨势越来越大,本来可以到岩石附近更加贴近两大瀑布的地方去做近距离观察,因为下雨,只有放弃这一打算。好在用25$可以通过望远观察镜来满足这个需要。介绍说:“Prospect Point Observation Tower, at the base of the American Falls in Prospect Park, is a 282 foot structure of aluminum, glass and steel that rises 100 feet above the cliffs. A superb view is possible from the upper decks. Two elevators descend into the gorge, permitting a close glimpse of the falls. From here one can board the Maid of the Mist boats and the Niagara Viewmobile sightseeing trains”。雨下得越来越大,那些一切从简不带雨具的游客个个象“落汤鸡”而我们带有雨伞和风雨衣,并不受影响。9:30-10:00am,大批游客在船坞处冒雨等待售票登船,但游船并不因为下雨提前放行,那里也没有出售雨具的商店,如果有这样的生意岂非大大赚了一笔。我们乘坐雾之女神号观瀑船(Maid of the Mist boats)介绍称:“Which pass directly in front of the falls and enter the Horseshoe Basin, depart from of the dock at Prospect Point on the American side and from the dock at the foot of Clifton Hill St. on the Canadian side”。登上观瀑船,每人发放一件宽大无比的防水雨衣,和1991年我参观时相比质量要差得多,不过这件雨衣,你可以扔掉,也可以留做纪念品。10:00-10:20am,观瀑船在三大瀑布周围地区水域游弋,大雨从天而降,雨水和瀑布下泻夹带的河水及雾水一起向游客的头上和身上洒来,形成一股强大的水流,有时难以睁开双眼看个明白,有时趁着雨水势头较小时到甲板上正面看看,有时则趁着船头转向朝着背风雨的一面观看大瀑布飞流直泻的壮观场面。好不容易我能够给L拍上几个镜头,但是能否保证是否最佳镜头就难说了,因为镜头淋上了雨就比较麻烦。在船上看Niagara Falls对于来自美国和加拿大的游客来说,效果是相同的,只是两只船一个从美国出发,一个则从加拿大方向出发,两船轮流向大瀑布处开足马力顶风而上,当我们的船开顶风船向瀑布“冲刺”时,人们的感觉好比处于大瀑布的激流之中,只有你在船上才能体会到大瀑布的威力。人们能够对付这样的急流和瀑水,也该能够承受社会上的大风大浪了。和我国的黄果树大瀑布相比,Niagara Falls无论从那个方面的参照数比较来说,都堪称首屈一指的。在船上我们也能够更加清楚地看到连接美加两国的陆路交通要道彩虹桥(Rainbow Bridge),一边是美国,另一边是加拿大,在桥中间则是两国的分界线,没有护照和合法签证的游客千万不能越过雷池一步,否则出境容易入境难。
其实这里还有许多景点可看,我们在这里实际上只停留了2小时20分钟。10:20-11:00am间我们陆续集合在2005号旅游车上,雨势稍小但绝无停意。11:00am-12:00pm,我们的旅游车离开了Niagara Falls & Buffalo的Towndown,在一个商业区的Crown Chinese Buffet再吃中餐自助餐,导游说,这家餐馆质量不错,不过我们自有主意,走到了马路对面的商店群中去看那里的琳琅满目的商品和食品,这里要买的物品也是应有尽有,甚至还看到了Dollar tree Stores (Where Everything’s $1.00),如果不是要走很长一段回家路,本来是可以选购一些便宜的物品的。这家$1商店是我们在外地看到的第一家,倒是意外收获,于是买了一瓶烤的香喷喷的花生(Regency, Honey Roasted Peanuts dry roasted, Net wt 7.5 0z, 212g)在路上解闷,刚刚从商店走回到车上,一场倾盆大雨又下将起来,这时多数游客尚未上车,司机为防游客雨淋,将车开到餐馆旁边。12:05pm-2:10-pm,旅游车离开Buffalo走90号东路经Batavia, 走63号公路向动南方向到Leicester接390号公路的6出口处,走390号公路(在Geneseo以南),接着向Dansville & Bath进发,由于大雨有时是暴雨,司机不敢开快车,中途不得不暂时停下等雨,稍有减弱再继续前进。2:30pm-3:20pm,汽车由Bath向Corning进发,终于达到目的地康宁玻璃艺术博物馆,这是已经3:20分钟了,从Buffalo到这里,除去休息时间,总共开了一小时五十分钟,而从Buffalo开到Corning以东的Elmira(距康宁不到20英里)需要149英里路程,算来这段冒雨行进的路程每小时的速度在60英里左右(虽然下雨具有很大难度,但是路上车辆很少,是个有利条件)。
3:30-4:30pm,我们参观了康宁玻璃艺术博物馆(The Corning Museum of Glass, One Corning Glass Center, Corning, New York, q4830, 800 732-6845),Corning这座新兴城市完全是因为玻璃公司的兴起而发展起来的。记得1991年我到开来家时,他就要带我去Corning参观,可惜汽车半路抛锚而作罢。这次能够随旅游团而来机会自然不能放过,何况参观券要11$一张.老年人还没有优惠。(我发现说明书规定门票成人每张¥10.00,60岁以上的老年人,每张9.00$)The Corning Museum of Glass位于414和415号公路的西南侧,,她的南面是Chemung River, 河对岸则是老城Historic Market Street。我们首先随导游参观了玻璃器皿的高科技馆,接着参观了古代烧制玻璃艺术的工艺过程现场表演,玻璃器皿的古代近代和现当代艺术陈列品,随后又参观了现代玻璃艺术雕塑馆,最后参观了实用玻璃艺术的展销会部。介绍称:“The new Corning Museum of Glass invites you to discover glass. Through the eyes of the artists who saw its possibilities. With the hands of the innovators who revolutionized glassmaking. With imaginations of the scientists who used it to change our world. Through live demonstrations of glassblowing and flameworking. Through interactive exhibits and film presentations”。在Glass Innovation Center有三个Gallery: Vessels, Windows, Optics.在Windows Gallery看到最新1999型号的汽车玻璃“After learning how to make flat glass, manufaturers wanted to bend it. Automobile makers demanded aerodynamic shapes, so they developed a special press to form the glass. The world’s most aerodynamic production vehicle is the 1999 General Motors EV1 electric car. The complex curves of the car’s windows help to reduce energy consumption by minimizing ‘drag’”。还有在空间使用的耐高温和高速度、高冲击波的特制玻璃,有通过电流感应,人体站在一定位置前可以看清对方的玻璃等高新技术的新型玻璃。在Vessels Gallery:看到自1880年以来灯泡制作的巨大变化。介绍称:“Glass is the obvious choice for containers. It does not lend flavors to food, It can hold a vacuum to keep food fresh. It can be made in any shape. But until the late 1880s, bottles were made one at a time, by hand. Philip Arbogast’s concept for a bottle machine, introduced that the neck and mouth should be finishes first so that the machine could use the neck to grip the bottle. Arbogast couldn’t afford to build such a machine, but he was right. All bottle machine would be based on his idea. In 1903, Michael Owens built a fully automatic bottle machine. Thomas Edison’s light bulbs were blown by hand until William Woods developed a machine that would blow them automatically. Today’s ribbon machine, Which produces 2,000 glass bulbs per minute, is essentially unchanged from Wood’s 1926 invention.”。Optics Gallery介绍称:“Light can be transmitted or absorbed It can also be bent, reflected, or scattered. Optics is the science that helps us manipulate light. By bending light, lenses can make an object look bigger, or make a faraway object seem close. Soon after a Ducth maker of eyeglasses discovered the power of a pair of lenses, microscopes and telescopes were made to study the very tiny and the very distant.”。在古代玻璃艺术史陈列品中。我们看到陈列其中的中国明代的玻璃船艺术品展览,当然作为玻璃艺术的高峰无疑是崛起于文艺复兴后的西欧。相比之下。美国不如西欧,但是20世纪以来的现代主义玻璃雕塑艺术则独树一帜。
时间限制,虽然花了11$该可以足足看上10小时,我们只能停留一个小时。4:35pm,旅游车启动走上自康宁的返程路,开过两个小时,6:40pm到宾州交通线上一个小站休息方便,沿路还是大雨不停。汽车走Binghamton沿着昨天来的路线往纽约方向开。6:40-6:50pm休息后继续行进,6:50-9:05pm,用了两小时15分钟时间开到了纽约的下城唐人街,其间到了NJ雨水已停,NYC更是没有一点雨水了。算来从Corning to Chinatown, NYC总共花了四小时20分钟,也就是说,除去休息时间,从Buffalo to NYC要6小时10分钟了。一路下雨,天色不好,也无心欣赏车外风光。好在导游不断在车上播放录像片,总共在昨今两天,美国片三部,港台片五部,大陆片一部,其中最有意思的还是已经看过的《空军一号》,和我们从未看过的大陆片《不见不散》,最没有多大意思的是台湾片。两天时间和导游也混得可以,看来两位导游,一位虽然专业但是动嘴欠勤快,另一位业余导游虽有热情但是表达能力太差,均不甚理想。
9:05-10:13pm,我们离开Chinatown即坐地铁D线到161街转4号地铁到终点站Woodlawn,下站后用不了十分钟即搭乘20路公共汽车10:23-10:55pm回到Chatterton Pkwy站,总共前后用了一小时五十分钟时间。虽然时间已经很晚,但是这条路线上下班的人很多,所以相当的安全。本来要打电话向Y & J通报,无奈电话不通,10:55-11:05pm,我们安全回到了家中。两天一夜之旅,行程1100多英里,相当的紧凑,如果是自己开车恐怕难了。
回到家里,Y & J也就放下心来,有了这次我们自己买票、动身、旅游、返回的经验,其他的地方也该是可以去的。Y说,昨天White Plains地区倾盆大雨。
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