皖南医学院第二教学医院

摘要

本文对马王堆古墓葬医学著作《五十二方》、《摄气》中所涉及的预防医学思想和措施进行了初步探讨。“代替食物”、“呼吸和体育运动疗法对健康的保护和治疗”和“健康之道继续前进。

这些著作的防病知识主要是致病因素的知识一-生理学知识和病理学知识。疾病预防措施分两个方面进行论述：

1. 身体培养和生命能量保存，一般健康维护，健康保护和治疗，通过呼吸和物理运动疗法，重要的空气摄入和性活动。

2. 饮食卫生，避免饮食引起的过敏。熟食的价值、平衡膳食、食疗及避免进食某些食物。

马王堆《医典》成书于秦代 (公元前221年以前)，这一历史时期的先人已经认识到预防疾病的重要性。这些著作中包含了大量有关预防医学的资料，证明了我国在预防医学方面所取得的巨大成就。

笔者认为，我国预防医学的思想和措施是当前我国医疗卫生体制改革的重点。王堆医书在预防医学史上占有重要地位。可以说，它对疾病发生的论述是建立在《国际经典》的思想基础之上的，这一思想对中华民族的生存和发展产生了深远的影响。对这些著作的研究，不仅对医学史科学的发展具有重要意义，而且对预防医学的发展也具有重要的意义。

SCIENTIFIC ATTAINMENTS OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE REFLECTED IN THE UNEARTHED MEDICAL WORKS OF
MA WANG DUI ANCIENT TOMB

Li, Yang-zhen
Second Teaching Hospital of South Anhui Medical College

ABSTRACT

The author of this paper has made a preliminary study of the preventive medical ideology and measures involved in the medical works of Ma Wang Dui ancient tomb – “Fifty-two Prescriptions”, “Taking in Vital Air Instead of Food”, “Breathing and Physical Exercise Therapy for Health Protection and Treatment”, and “Ways of Health Keeping”.

The theme of disease prevention of these works consists mainly of the knowledge of disease-causing factors -knowledge of physiology and pathology. Measures of disease prevention are discussed in two aspects:

1  Corporeal cultivation and vital energy preservation, general health keeping, health protection and treatment through breathing and physical exercise therapy, vital air taking, and sexual activity.

2.  Dietetic hygiene to avoid illness caused by eating and drinking: the value of cooked food, a balanced diet, food therapy, and certain food avoidance.

The Medical works of Ma Wang Dui ancient tomb came into being during the early Qin Period (prior to 221 B.C.). Our forefathers of that historical period had already recognized the importance of disease prevention. The works contain a large amount of materials concerning preventive medicine, which is proof of the great attainments achieved in preventive medicine at that time.

The author holds that the ideology and measures of preventive medicine in the Ma Wang Dui medical works occupy an important position in the history of preventive medicine. And it can well be said that its exposition of disease occurrence is based on the ideology of the “Internal Classic”, and this ideology has given a profound and lasting influence as well as invaluable contributions to the survival and development of the Chinese nation. The study of these works is significant not only for the science of medical history but also for the development of preventive medicine today.

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