1 Forest 森林

1.1 Boreal 北方森林
1.2 Subarctic 亚北极
1.3 Subantarctic 亚南极
1.4 Temperate 温带
1.5 Subtropical/Tropical Dry 亚热带/热带干旱森林
1.6 Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland 亚热带/热带潮湿低地
1.7 Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level 高潮位以上的亚热带/热带红树林
1.8 Subtropical/Tropical Swamp 亚热带/热带沼泽
1.9 Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane 亚热带/热带潮湿山林

2 Savanna 热带草原

2.1 Dry Savanna 干旱草原
2.2 Moist Savana 潮湿草原

3 Shrubland 灌木林

3.1 Subarctic 亚北极
3.2 Subantarctic 亚南极
3.3 Boreal 北方
3.4 Temperate 温带
3.5 Subtropical/Tropical Dry 亚热带/热带干旱
3.6 Subtropical/Tropical Moist 亚热带/热带潮湿
3.7 Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude 亚热带/热带高海拔
3.8 Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation 地中海型灌木林

4 Grassland 草原

4.1 Tundra 苔原
4.2 Subarctic 亚北极
4.3 Subantarctic 亚南极
4.4 Temperate 温带
4.5 Subtropical/Tropical Dry Lowland 亚热带/热带干旱低地
4.6 Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded Lowland 亚热带/热带季节性低地
4.7 Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude 高海拔草原

5 Wetlands (inland) 内陆湿地

5.1 Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks [includes waterfalls] 永久的河流、溪流、水湾、瀑布
5.2 Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks 季节性河流、溪流
5.3 Shrub Dominated Wetlands 灌木湿地
5.4 Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands 沼泽，泥炭地
5.5 Permanent Freshwater Lakes [over 8 ha] 永久性淡水湖
5.6 Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes [over 8 ha] 季节性淡水湖
5.7 Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools [under 8 ha] 永久性水塘
5.8 Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools [under 8 ha] 季节性水塘
5.9 Freshwater Springs and Oases 泉水，绿洲
5.10 Tundra Wetlands [includes pools and temporary waters from snowmelt] 苔原湿地，融雪水池
5.11 Alpine Wetlands [includes temporary waters from snowmelt] 高山湿地
5.12 Geothermal Wetlands 地温性湿地
5.13 Permanent Inland Deltas 永久性内陆三角洲
5.14 Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes 永久性咸水湖
5.15 Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes and Flats 季节性咸水湖
5.16 Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools 永久性咸水沼泽
5.17 Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools 季节性咸水沼泽
5.18 Karst and Other Subterranean Hydrological Systems [inland] 卡斯特地域和其它水域系统

6 Rocky Areas [e.g. inland cliffs, mountain peaks] 多岩地带（陡崖，山峰）

7 Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) 洞穴和地下生境

7.1 Caves 洞穴
7.2 Other Subterranean Habitats 其它地下生境

8 Desert 荒漠

8.1 Hot 热带荒漠
8.2 Temperate 温带荒漠
8.3 Cold 寒带荒漠

9 Marine Neritic (Submergent Nearshore Continental Shelf or Oceanic Island) 近海

9.1 Pelagic 浮游带
9.2 Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs 基岩带

9.3 Subtidal Loose Rock/Pebble/Gravel 砾岩带
9.4 Subtidal Sandy 沙带
9.5 Subtidal Sandy-Mud 泥沙带
9.6 Subtidal Muddy 泥带
9.7 Macroalgal/Kelp 藻类、海带
9.8 Coral Reef 珊瑚礁

9.8.1 Outer Reef Channel 外礁通道
9.8.2 Back Slope 背坡
9.8.3 Foreslope (Outer Reef Slope) 前坡
9.8.4 Lagoon 环礁湖
9.8.5 Inter-Reef Soft Substrate 礁间软基板
9.8.6 Inter-Reef Rubble Substrate 礁间碎石基
9.9 Seagrass (Submerged) 水草
9.10 Estuaries 河口

10 Marine Oceanic 远洋

10.1 Epipelagic (0-200 m) 表层
10.2 Mesopelagic (200-1,000 m) 中层
10.3 Bathypelagic (1,000-4,000 m) 深海
10.4 Abyssopelagic (4,000-6,000 m) 深渊

11 Marine Deep Benthic 海底

11.1 Continental Slope/Bathyl Zone (200-4,000 m)

11.1.1 Hard Substrate
11.1.2 Soft Substrate
11.2 Abyssal Plain (4,000-6,000 m)
11.3 Abyssal Mountain/Hills (4,000-6,000 m)
11.4 Hadal/Deep Sea Trench (>6,000 m)
11.5 Seamount
11.6 Deep Sea Vents (Rifts/Seeps)

12 Marine Intertidal 潮间带

12.1 Rocky Shoreline 基岩潮间带
12.2 Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc. 砾岩潮间带
12.3 Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches 海滩
12.4 Mud Flats and Salt Flats 滩涂和盐滩
12.5 Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses)
12.6 Tidepools
12.7 Mangrove Submerged Roots

13 Marine Coastal/Supratidal 海岸

13.1 Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands
13.2 Coastal Caves/Karst
13.3 Coastal Sand Dunes
13.4 Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes
13.5 Coastal Freshwater Lakes

14 Artificial - Terrestrial 人工陆地系统

14.1 Arable Land 耕地
14.2 Pastureland 牧地
14.3 Plantations 种植园
14.4 Rural Gardens 农村花园
14.5 Urban Areas 城市
14.6 Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest 亚热带/热带退化森林

15 Artificial - Aquatic 人工水域

15.1 Water Storage Areas (over 8 ha) 水库
15.2 Ponds (below 8 ha) 水池
15.3 Aquaculture Ponds 水产养殖池
15.4 Salt Exploitation Sites 采盐区
15.5 Excavations (open)
15.6 Wastewater Treatment Areas 废水处理场
15.7 Irrigated Land [includes irrigation channels] 灌溉渠
15.8 Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land 季节性淹没农田
15.9 Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches 运河，沟渠
15.10 Karst and Other Subterranean Hydrological Systems [human-made] 喀斯特地貌
15.11 Marine Anthropogenic Structures 海洋人造结构
15.12 Mariculture Cages 海水养殖笼
15.13 Mari/Brackish-culture Ponds 盐水培养池

16  Introduced Vegetation 引入植被

17 Other 其它

18 Unknown 未知

 注：以上引自百度贴吧https://tieba.baidu.com/p/1580672126

dec_2012_guidance_habitats_classification_scheme.pdf

 IUCN生境分类体系详见下地址：

https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/classification-schemes