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First author: Alex Harkess; Affiliations: HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology (HudsonAlpha生物技术研究院): Alabama, USA
Corresponding author: James Leebens-Mack
The origin and early evolution of sex chromosomes has been hypothesized to involve the linkage of factors with antagonistic effects on male and female function. Garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is an ideal species to investigate this hypothesis, as the X and Y chromosomes are cytologically homomorphic and evolved from an ancestral autosome pair in association with a shift from hermaphroditism to dioecy. Mutagenesis screens paired with single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) directly implicate Y-specific genes that respectively suppress female (pistil) development and are necessary for male (anther) development. Comparison of contiguous X and Y chromosome assemblies shows that hemizygosity underlies the loss of recombination between the genes suppressing female organogenesis (SUPPRESSOR OF FEMALE FUNCTION, SOFF) and promoting male function (TAPETAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION1, aspTDF1). We also experimentally demonstrate the function of aspTDF1. These findings provide direct evidence that sex chromosomes can function through linkage of two sex determination genes.
性染色体的起源和早期演化涉及作用于雄性和雌性功能拮抗因子的连锁。芦笋是研究该假设的理想物种,X和Y染色体在细胞学上是同态的,由一对古老的常染色体演化而来,从雌雄同株转变为雌雄异株。作者结合诱变筛选与单分子荧光原位杂交smFISH直接鉴定到了一个Y特异基因,作用于雌性(雌蕊)的抑制,并且对于雄性(花药)的发育是必需的。X与Y染色体的连续组装比较显示了抑制雌性器官发生的基因SOFF与促进雄性功能的基因aspTDF1之间的重组丢失所形成的半合子状态。作者还通过试验性证据揭示了aspTDF1基因的功能。本文的发现揭示了性染色体可通过两个性别决定基因之间的连锁发挥作用。
p.s. 半合子(hemizygosity):只具有影响某特征的一对基因中的一个,例如雄性Y染色体上缺乏X染色体上的等位基因。
通讯:James Leebens-Mack (https://www.plantbio.uga.edu/directory/people/james-h-leebens-mack)
个人简介:1995年,德州大学,博士。
研究方向:通过基因组学、系统发育以及试验分析方法研究作用于植物多样性的遗传和生态进程。
doi: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.19.00859
Journal: Plant Cell
Published date: March 27, 2020
p.s. 植物性别决定相关研究链接:
PLoS Genetics:君迁子基因组揭示柿属植物支系特异性别决定系统的演化
Nature Plants:两个Y染色体编码基因控制猕猴桃的性别决定
Communications Biology:玉米雌雄异花的性别决定机制
New Phytologist:雌雄异株菠菜单性器官起始中的关键基因
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