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在美国就业特别是学术领域,有时侯用人单位会表明在某个职业领域候选人必须拥有终端学位Terminal Degree.那么什么是终端学位? 对于学术领域,大部分终端学位PhD翻译为某个学科的哲学博士学位,但也有一些职业类博士学位比如医学MD法学JD教育学EdD执业护士NDP。另外很多艺术类和职业类专门领域大多数情况下都是“终端”硕士学位,也就是说这些硕士学习项目并不通向博士学位项目。比如艺术系的MFA,信息管理(国内叫图书馆情报学)的MLIS,职业类学位更多的指向知识的直接应用而不时指向独创研究。美国大学根据学科类别聘用助理教授以上职位是根据你的终端学位(Terminal Degree)。讲师职位则无需终端学位。所以博士学位并不是唯一的终端最高学位。有些学科在美国终端最高学位是硕士学位,比如艺术职业除了艺术历史有博士学位外,其它专业是没有博士学位的。
典型的终端学位列表如下
Doctor of Education (EdD)
Educational Specialist (EdS)
Technology:
Doctor of Engineering (Dr.-Ing./DEng/Dr. Eng./EngD)
Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS, MLS, MSLS) (Given in the US, by an ALA accredited school or program.)
Doctor of Computer Science (DSc.Comp, DCS, D.C.Sc.), D.C.Sc.)
Religion:
Doctor of Ministry (DMin)
Doctor of Theology (ThD or DTh)
Design:
Master of Art and Design (MAD) [5]
Master of Architecture (M.Arch)
Doctor of Architecture (D.Arch)
Doctor of Design (DDes)
Master of Design (MDes) [6]
Master of Landscape Architecture (MLArch and/or MLA)
Master of City Planning (MPLAN, MCRP, MUP, MCP, MCD or MURP)
Master of Fine Arts (MFA)
Master of Graphic Design (MGraph) [7]
Arts:
Doctor of Arts (DA)
Doctor of Music (DM or DMus)
Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA) (Usually awarded to performance majors in the musical arts)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or DPhil)
Master of Fine Arts (MFA)
Management:
Doctor of Management (DMgt or DM)
Healthcare:
Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (DAOM) (The PhD might soon replace this degree for easier recognition)
Doctor of Health Science (DHSc)
Doctor of Occupational Therapy (DOT or OTD)
Doctor of Physical Therapy or Physiotherapy (DPT or DPhysio)
Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)
Doctor of Public Health (DrPH, DPH)
Doctor of Science (DSc)
Doctor of Social Science (DSocSci)
Doctor of Social Work (DSW)
Law:
Doctor of Canon Law (JCD)
Doctor of Juridical Science (JSD/SJD) (in the U.S.)
Social Science:
Doctor of Criminal Justice (DCJ)http://www.calu.edu/academics/online-programs/doctorate-criminal-justice/index.htm
详细了解请看英文文章
https://www.bestmastersdegrees.com/best-masters-degrees-faq/what-is-a-terminal-degree
While most degrees that are considered terminal are PhDs or doctorates, some master’s degrees are considered terminal if the field does not offer a degree beyond a master’s degree. For example, the Master of Fine Arts, or MFA, is considered terminal and is awarded to professionals in the art, film and music industries. A Master Landscape Architect, or MLArch, and a Master Architect, or MArch, are terminal master’s degrees, as these fields don’t offer PhD or doctorate degrees above the master’s level.
The word terminal is also sometimes used to describe master’s degrees when a student is denied a PhD by a university. Occasionally, a PhD student will fall behind in a PhD program and be given a terminal master’s degree by the university and then dropped from the program. Colleges also call a master’s degree terminal when a student has already completed the master’s program prior to applying for a PhD program. This situation typically occurs in majors that have too many PhD students or those in which the cost of the education outweighs the career opportunities, thus making the degree not worthwhile. When a university is paying for a student to get a PhD in exchange for graduate research and other duties, it doesn’t make sense to allow more students to earn PhD degrees than there will be a demand for in academia. In all of these cases, the master’s degree is terminal, as it is seen as the end of the student’s education in that field.
Professional and doctorate degrees are only called terminal in the United States; in other English-speaking countries this term isn’t used as often. In other countries, there are a few degree that go higher than a PhD, such as the habilitation degree in Germany and the higher doctorate in the U.K. and Russia. In the United States, some of the toplevel research and professional degrees are Doctor of Education, EdD; Master of Art and Design, MAD; Doctor of Nursing Practice, DNP; and Master of Library and Information Science, MLIS.
There are many more terminal master’s and doctorate degrees, and in many fields, these degrees are needed to conduct research or teach at a university. These top-level degrees are called research degrees, and they typically come with the title of Doctor. To earn a doctorate, students complete several phases of coursework and study, including an oral examination and a lengthy written dissertation, which usually includes at least 450 pages of material.
Getting a professional or research-level degree requires a great deal of dedication and intellectual interest in a particular field, and the people who earn these degrees usually naturally love what they study. If you have a deep passion for a particular subject, consider earning a terminal degree.
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