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谁是过去200年间最重要的哲学家? 精选

已有 9269 次阅读 2013-5-1 05:27 |系统分类:人文社科| 哲学家

       最近为了写点东西准备材料的当口看到一则有趣的评选活动(该活动从2009年3月10日开始到2010年3月8日截止,根据600位投票者的投票结果统计得来,这就是历时一年的所谓莱特报告【Leiter Reports】):谁是过去200年间最重要的哲学家?结果很有趣,当然这只是一家之言,有些重要哲学家被漏掉了,而当选者之中也有些被夸大的,不管怎样,这些哲学家都曾深深地影响了我们的世界与思维。中国之所以还处在封建主义时代,与哲学等思想领域的极度落后有直接关系,这与多年来实行思想控制的社会治理手段有直接关系,这也是我们当下仍需要进行启蒙的深层原因,否则整个国家是断然没有前途和希望的。下面就是这次调查结果,看看你都认识哪位哲学家?读过他们的哪些著作?在此基础上,我们做一个中国版的二次调查,你认为最重要的10位都是谁?

1. Ludwig Wittgenstein  (Condorcet winner: wins contests with all other choices)

2. Gottlob Frege  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 261–160

3. Bertrand Russell  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 280–137, loses to Gottlob Frege by 218–156

4. John Stuart Mill  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 280–135, loses to Bertrand Russell by 204–178

5. W.V.O. Quine  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 291–150, loses to John Stuart Mill by 214–198

6. G.W.F. Hegel  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 290–130, loses to W.V.O. Quine by 214–210

7. Saul Kripke  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 314–138, loses to G.W.F. Hegel by 224–213

8. Friedrich Nietzsche  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 290–117, loses to Saul Kripke by 209–207

9. Karl Marx  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 359–95, loses to Friedrich Nietzsche by 254–138

10. Soren Kierkegaard  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 358–124, loses to Karl Marx by 230–213

11. Rudolf Carnap  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 345–90, loses to Soren Kierkegaard by 245–194

12. John Rawls  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 379–80, loses to Rudolf Carnap by 212–175

13. David K. Lewis  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 352–92, loses to John Rawls by 211–166

14. G.E. Moore  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 362–59, loses to David K. Lewis by 188–152

15. Donald Davidson  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 342–50, loses to G.E. Moore by 171–158

16. Martin Heidegger  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 351–63, loses to Donald Davidson by 188–161

17. Edmund Husserl  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 336–51, loses to Martin Heidegger by 169–140

18. Hilary Putnam  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 338–51, loses to Edmund Husserl by 148–138

19. William James  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 347–42, loses to Hilary Putnam by 151–146

20. Charles Sanders Peirce  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 333–40, loses to William James by 145–109

21. Alfred Tarski  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 323–55, loses to Charles Sanders Peirce by 132–109

22. J.L. Austin  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 346–29, loses to Alfred Tarski by 131–126

23. P.F. Strawson  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 339–42, loses to J.L. Austin by 137–127

24. Karl Popper  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 344–47, loses to P.F. Strawson by 135–127

25. G.E.M. Anscombe  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 326–35, loses to Karl Popper by 137–128

26. Jean-Paul Sartre  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 355–54, loses to G.E.M. Anscombe by 145–139

27. John Dewey  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 344–28, loses to Jean-Paul Sartre by 138–134

28. Wilfrid Sellars  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 348–29, loses to John Dewey by 123–116

29. Arthur Schopenhauer  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 352–30, loses to Wilfrid Sellars by 129–117

30. Henry Sidgwick  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 302–29, loses to Arthur Schopenhauer by 108–105

31. Alfred North Whitehead  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 333–24, loses to Henry Sidgwick by 108–86

32. Michel Foucault  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 357–31, loses to Alfred North Whitehead by 123–121

33. Bernard Williams  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 337–29, loses to Michel Foucault by 128–127

34. Gilbert Ryle  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 347–23, loses to Bernard Williams by 113–110

35. Maurice Merleau-Ponty  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 329–32, loses to Gilbert Ryle by 112–107

36. Franz Brentano  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 326–26, loses to Maurice Merleau-Ponty by 111–100

37. Michael Dummett  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 343–26, loses to Franz Brentano by 106–92

38. Jurgen Habermas  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 340–22, loses to Michael Dummett by 115–97

39. Hannah Arendt  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 336–29, loses to Jurgen Habermas by 107–98

40. Simone de Beauvoir  loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 336–30, loses to Hannah Arendt by 110–100

备注:按照这个榜单,前十名分别是:1、维特根斯坦,2、弗雷格,3、罗素,4、密尔(小密尔,即《功利主义》的作者),5、奎因,6、黑格尔,7、克里普克,8、尼采,9、马克思,10、克尔凯郭尔。

最后一名,即第40名是萨特的情人:德。波伏娃。以后有时间陆续介绍几个。

2013-5-1黎明于南方临屏涂鸦

说明:文中图片来自网络,没有任何商业目的,仅供欣赏,特此致谢。



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