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最近为了写点东西准备材料的当口看到一则有趣的评选活动(该活动从2009年3月10日开始到2010年3月8日截止,根据600位投票者的投票结果统计得来,这就是历时一年的所谓莱特报告【Leiter Reports】):谁是过去200年间最重要的哲学家?结果很有趣,当然这只是一家之言,有些重要哲学家被漏掉了,而当选者之中也有些被夸大的,不管怎样,这些哲学家都曾深深地影响了我们的世界与思维。中国之所以还处在封建主义时代,与哲学等思想领域的极度落后有直接关系,这与多年来实行思想控制的社会治理手段有直接关系,这也是我们当下仍需要进行启蒙的深层原因,否则整个国家是断然没有前途和希望的。下面就是这次调查结果,看看你都认识哪位哲学家?读过他们的哪些著作?在此基础上,我们做一个中国版的二次调查,你认为最重要的10位都是谁?
1. Ludwig Wittgenstein (Condorcet winner: wins contests with all other choices) |
2. Gottlob Frege loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 261–160 |
3. Bertrand Russell loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 280–137, loses to Gottlob Frege by 218–156 |
4. John Stuart Mill loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 280–135, loses to Bertrand Russell by 204–178 |
5. W.V.O. Quine loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 291–150, loses to John Stuart Mill by 214–198 |
6. G.W.F. Hegel loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 290–130, loses to W.V.O. Quine by 214–210 |
7. Saul Kripke loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 314–138, loses to G.W.F. Hegel by 224–213 |
8. Friedrich Nietzsche loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 290–117, loses to Saul Kripke by 209–207 |
9. Karl Marx loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 359–95, loses to Friedrich Nietzsche by 254–138 |
10. Soren Kierkegaard loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 358–124, loses to Karl Marx by 230–213 |
11. Rudolf Carnap loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 345–90, loses to Soren Kierkegaard by 245–194 |
12. John Rawls loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 379–80, loses to Rudolf Carnap by 212–175 |
13. David K. Lewis loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 352–92, loses to John Rawls by 211–166 |
14. G.E. Moore loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 362–59, loses to David K. Lewis by 188–152 |
15. Donald Davidson loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 342–50, loses to G.E. Moore by 171–158 |
16. Martin Heidegger loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 351–63, loses to Donald Davidson by 188–161 |
17. Edmund Husserl loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 336–51, loses to Martin Heidegger by 169–140 |
18. Hilary Putnam loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 338–51, loses to Edmund Husserl by 148–138 |
19. William James loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 347–42, loses to Hilary Putnam by 151–146 |
20. Charles Sanders Peirce loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 333–40, loses to William James by 145–109 |
21. Alfred Tarski loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 323–55, loses to Charles Sanders Peirce by 132–109 |
22. J.L. Austin loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 346–29, loses to Alfred Tarski by 131–126 |
23. P.F. Strawson loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 339–42, loses to J.L. Austin by 137–127 |
24. Karl Popper loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 344–47, loses to P.F. Strawson by 135–127 |
25. G.E.M. Anscombe loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 326–35, loses to Karl Popper by 137–128 |
26. Jean-Paul Sartre loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 355–54, loses to G.E.M. Anscombe by 145–139 |
27. John Dewey loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 344–28, loses to Jean-Paul Sartre by 138–134 |
28. Wilfrid Sellars loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 348–29, loses to John Dewey by 123–116 |
29. Arthur Schopenhauer loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 352–30, loses to Wilfrid Sellars by 129–117 |
30. Henry Sidgwick loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 302–29, loses to Arthur Schopenhauer by 108–105 |
31. Alfred North Whitehead loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 333–24, loses to Henry Sidgwick by 108–86 |
32. Michel Foucault loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 357–31, loses to Alfred North Whitehead by 123–121 |
33. Bernard Williams loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 337–29, loses to Michel Foucault by 128–127 |
34. Gilbert Ryle loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 347–23, loses to Bernard Williams by 113–110 |
35. Maurice Merleau-Ponty loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 329–32, loses to Gilbert Ryle by 112–107 |
36. Franz Brentano loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 326–26, loses to Maurice Merleau-Ponty by 111–100 |
37. Michael Dummett loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 343–26, loses to Franz Brentano by 106–92 |
38. Jurgen Habermas loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 340–22, loses to Michael Dummett by 115–97 |
39. Hannah Arendt loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 336–29, loses to Jurgen Habermas by 107–98 |
40. Simone de Beauvoir loses to Ludwig Wittgenstein by 336–30, loses to Hannah Arendt by 110–100 |
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备注:按照这个榜单,前十名分别是:1、维特根斯坦,2、弗雷格,3、罗素,4、密尔(小密尔,即《功利主义》的作者),5、奎因,6、黑格尔,7、克里普克,8、尼采,9、马克思,10、克尔凯郭尔。
最后一名,即第40名是萨特的情人:德。波伏娃。以后有时间陆续介绍几个。
2013-5-1黎明于南方临屏涂鸦
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