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上个月好友科普作家王大鹏君寄来一本译作《创新的起源:一部科学技术进步史》,托我有空的时候写个简短的书评,欣然受命,这本书是英国科技记者马特●里德利撰写的,内容丰富,视野开阔,是一本很不错的书,他的很多观点我是高度赞同的,也曾就其中的话题写过一些文字,总之,这是一本很好的书,值得阅读和购买。书的模样是这样的:
关于书的译名,我更倾向于直译《创新是如何运行的——以及它为什么在自由中繁荣》,当然译者对本书有更深入的考虑,从全书的内容来看也的确是创新的一部简短科学史。关于作者马特也是值得说几句,这老兄是一位科学记者,也是成功商人,并且人家是有爵位的,子爵:第五代里德利子爵,这是仅次于伯爵的爵位,典型的贵族。
Matthew White Ridley(1958-), 5th Viscount Ridley, DL FRSL FMedSci is a British journalist and businessman. He is best known for his writings on science, the environment, and economics. He has written several science books, including The Red Queen: Sex and the Evolution of Human Nature, Genome, The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves and The Evolution of Everything: How Ideas Emerge. He publishes a blog and has been a regular contributor to The Times newspaper.
这本书的第十章《造假,骗局,跟风和失败》一节中,介绍了美国神奇女孩伊丽莎白●霍姆斯的造假案例,这个女孩我很早以前就想写点文字,可惜一直没有腾出手来,前几年我曾办过一个小型会议,邀请南京大学的蔡仲教授作报告,他也提到过这个人。今天借这个机会聊几句,她的伪创新运行机制具有普遍性,值得说一说。先来看看这个女孩的情况:
霍姆斯的履历很光鲜,斯坦福大学的学生,崇拜乔布斯,中途退学搞创业,并曾经成为福布斯报道的最成功的女商人,女亿万富翁,高峰时企业市值曾达到90亿美元,真可谓一代天骄。
Elizabeth Anne Holmes(1984-) is an American former businesswoman who was the founder and chief executive of Theranos, a now-defunct health technology company. Theranos soared in valuation after the company claimed to have revolutionized blood testing by developing testing methods that could use surprisingly small volumes of blood, such as from a fingerprick. By 2015, Forbes had named Holmes the youngest and wealthiest self-made female billionaire in America on the basis of a $9-billion valuation of her company. The next year, following revelations of potential fraud about Theranos's claims, Forbes had revised its published estimate of Holmes's net worth to zero, and Fortune had named her one of the "World's Most Disappointing Leaders".
霍姆斯在19岁的时候,成立的公司叫希拉洛斯(Theranos)(2003),主要创意就是利用一滴血检测人的身体状况,关于这家公司的情况见下面介绍:
Theranos was an American privately held health technology corporation. It was initially touted as a breakthrough technology company, with claims of having devised blood tests that required only very small amounts of blood and could be performed very rapidly using small automated devices the company had developed. However, these claims were later proven to be false. Founded in 2003 by 19-year-old Elizabeth Holmes, Theranos raised more than US$700 million from venture capitalists and private investors, resulting in a $10 billion valuation at its peak in 2013 and 2014.
这家公司的伪创新被《华尔街日报》记者约翰●卡雷鲁(John Carreyrou)揭露后公司于2018年倒闭。这位调查记者值得记录一笔:
John Carreyrou is a French-American journalist and writer. He worked for The Wall Street Journal for 20 years between 1999 and 2019 and has been based in Brussels, Paris, and New York City. He has won the Pulitzer Prize twice and is well known for having exposed the fraudulent practices of the multibillion-dollar blood-testing company Theranos in a series of articles published in the Journal.
卡雷鲁是一名法裔美国人,毕业于杜克大学,在《华尔街日报》工作20年,曾经两次获得普利策奖。
闲话说得太多了,回归正题,霍姆斯的伪创新之所以能获得短期成功,总结下来有如下五个基本条件:
1、准确把握市场的隐而不显的精准需求信息,需求定位越准确,后续越容易收割特定消费者与获得风险投资。一点血就完成数十项检测。这个目标契合公众的偏好与市场需求。
2、个人才能与优势的完美整合,使人无法不相信。霍姆斯的整合模式=名校(斯坦福大学)+专家组和(她与学术界的联系)+美好的形象(美女)+讲故事的能力(游说)。
3、大咖站台,增加社会信任。(为他站台的有国务卿乔治●舒尔茨、国防部长威廉●佩里、前国务卿基辛格等)
4、企业选址要在高处,借光公众积累的信任。她把公司设在硅谷,而硅谷神话对于所有疑惑都是一种消解,毕竟那里曾产出无数的科技奇迹,何况验血这种小事呢?
5、对赌吹牛的时间能够等到新技术的诞生,然后一切就顺理成章了(吹牛被覆盖了)。这点很有技术含量,呵呵,对这种现象我们大家是不是都很熟悉。
有急活要办,先聊这么多!
说明:文中图片来自网络,没有任何商业目的,仅供欣赏,特此致谢!
2021-6-9于南方临屏涂鸦
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