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说明:在南非大学工作多年,认识和了解了许多的人和事,为了增进相互了解,计划陆续介绍我了解的南非名人。
Max Theiler
蒂勒早年研究阿米巴痢疾与鼠热症。后来转向研究黄热病。1930年他发现小白鼠对黄热病有感受性,此后医学界就用小白鼠代替猴子进行黄热病试验。接着他发现用黄热病猴的血清注射给小白鼠可以预防感染黄热病,又运用黄热病毒对小白鼠传代,从而对猴子产生免疫。以后他终于培养出17D的变异株,实现了对人的黄热病进行治疗和预防。由于上述的卓越贡献,蒂勒获得了1951年的诺贝尔生理学及医学奖金。
(January 30, 1899 – August 11, 1972) was a South African/Swiss virologist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1951 for developing a vaccine against yellow fever.
Career development
Theiler was born in Pretoria, South Africa, his father Arnold Theiler was a veterinary bacteriologist. He attended Pretoria Boys High School, Rhodes University College, and then University of Cape Town Medical School graduating in 1918. He left South Africa to study at St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, King's College London, and at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. In 1922 he was awarded a diploma in tropical medicine and hygiene and became a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of London and a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Theiler wanted to pursue a career in research, so in 1922 he took a position at the Harvard University School of Tropical Medicine. He spent several years investigating amoebic dysentery and trying to develop a vaccine from rat-bite fever. He became assistant to Andrew Sellards and started working on yellow fever. In 1926 they disproved Hideyo Noguchi that yellow fever was caused by the bacterium Leptospira icteroides, and in 1928 the year after the disease was identified conclusively as a virus, they showed that the African and South American viruses are immunologically identical, after Adrian Stokes induced yellow fever in Rhesus monkeys from India. In the course of this research Theiler himself contracted yellow fever but survived and developed immunity.
In 1930 Theiler moved to the Rockefeller Foundation in New York, where he later became director of the Virus Laboratory and where he spent the rest of his career.
Work on yellow fever
After passing the yellow fever virus through laboratory mice, Theiler found that the weakened virus conferred immunity on Rhesus monkeys. The stage was thus set for Theiler to develop a vaccine against the disease. However, it was only in 1937, after the particularly virulent Asibi strain from West Africa had gone through more than a hundred subcultures, that Theiler and his colleague Hugh Smith announced the development of the 17-D vaccine. Between 1940 and 1947 the Rockefeller Foundation produced more than 28 million doses of the vaccine and finally ended yellow fever as a major disease. For this work Theiler received the 1951 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Theiler was awarded the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene's Chalmers Medal in 1939, Harvard University's Flattery Medal in 1945, and the American Public Health Association's Lasker Award in 1949.
He married Lillian Graham in 1928 and they had one daughter. He died in New Haven, Connecticut.
Max Theiler was a contributor to three books, Viral and Rickettsial Infections of Man (1948), Yellow Fever (1951), and The Anthropod-Borne Viruses of Vertebrates: An Account of The Rockefeller Foundation Virus Program, 1951-1970, Max Theiler and W. G. Downs. (1973) Yale University Press. New Haven and London. ISBN 0-300-01508-9. He wrote numerous papers in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology.
References
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