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19世纪英国现实主义文学家查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens) 在1859年出版的《双城记》(A Tale of Two Cities)中有这样一段话:
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, itwas the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch ofbelief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was theseason of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, wehad everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct toHeaven, we were all going direct the other way—in short, the period was so.far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted onits being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparisononly.
一个广为传播、引用的译文是:
这是最好的时代,这是最坏的时代,这是智慧的时代,这是愚蠢的时代;这是信仰的时期,这是怀疑的时期;这是光明的季节,这是黑暗的季节;这是希望之春,这是失望之冬;人们面前有着各样事物,人们面前一无所有;人们正在直登天堂;人们正在直下地狱。
《历史的教训》(威尔.杜兰特 阿里尔.杜兰特著,倪玉平、张闶译,中国方正出版社、四川人民出版社2014年出版), 第172页有这样一句话:
历史是如此的丰富多彩,以至于只要在事例中加以选择,就可以为任何历史结论找到证据。
从这一句话可以很容易的引申出:
现实是如此的丰富多彩,以至于只要在事例中加以选择,就可以为狄更斯对现实的所有判断找到证据。
进一步可以引申出:
历史人物的经历作为是如此的丰富多彩,以至于只要在事例中加以选择,就可以为任何评价找到证据。—— 这就是为什么历史上的杰出人物基本上都是誉满天下,谤满天下,武则天是此,斯大林是如此, ... 也是如此。他们都是伟人!
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