本文为芬兰赫尔辛基应用科学大学（作者：Lars Dautermann）的学士论文，共63页。

本论文的目的是为方程式大赛学生（Formula Student）的电动汽车提供一个三相逆变器。设计逆变器是一个挑战，需要微控制器编程、印刷电路板布局、电气分析以及如何控制电机的综合知识。简要介绍了电动机特别是永磁同步电动机的原理。

为了了解如何利用三相逆变器控制电机，对电机的物理特性和电气特性进行了研究。文中给出了逆变器开关元件的原理图、驱动器设计和安全特性，介绍了逆变器控制和与车内其它设备通信以获取所需转矩和功率信息的软件。利用MATLAB对空间矢量控制模型进行了仿真，讨论了直接转矩控制和磁场定向控制等不同控制方法的优缺点。在论文的研究过程中，设计了两种逆变器，分别是低电压、低功率版的概念研究和高电压、高功率版在汽车上的实际应用。由于时间的限制，仅建立和演示了低压逆变器。

The motivation for this thesis is to provide a three phase inverter for an electric car in the Formula Student. Designing a inverter is a challenge that requires combined knowledge in microcontroller programming, pcb layout, electric analysis and the principals of how to control a motor. The theory of electrical motors and especially permanent magnet synchronous motors is shortly introduced. The physical and electrical characteristics were studied to understand how the motor can be controlled with a three phase inverter. The schematics, the design of drivers and safety features for the switching elements in the inverter are shown. The software to control the inverter and to communicate with other devices in a car to obtain the information about the desired torque and power is explained. A model of a space vector control in Matlab is simulated. The advantages and disadvantages of different control methods like direct torque control and field oriented control are discussed. During the study of the thesis two inverter designs were designed. A low voltage, low power version to study the concept and a high voltage, high power version for the practical usage in the car. Due to the limitation of time only the low voltage inverter is built and demonstrated.

1 引言

2 汽车系统概述

3 相关理论

4 MATLAB仿真

5 电路图设计

6 逆变器组成

7 测量

8 编程

9 总结与结论

附录A MATLAB代码

A.1 方波产生的MATLAB代码

A.2 改进正弦波产生的MATLAB代码

A.3 纯正弦波产生的MATLAB代码

A.4 空间矢量PWM的MATLAB代码 

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