yuedongxiaoµÄ¸öÈ˲©¿Í·ÖÏí http://blog.sciencenet.cn/u/yuedongxiao

²©ÎÄ

×ÔÈ»µ¥Î»ÓëÁ¿¸Ù·ÖÎö

ÒÑÓÐ 10827 ´ÎÔĶÁ 2016-9-9 09:36 |ϵͳ·ÖÀà:¿ÆÆÕ¼¯½õ

ÓдÎÔÚÍøÉϸúһЩ¿Æѧ°®ºÃÕßÌÖÂÛÎÊÌ⣬ÎÒдÏ $E^2 = p^2 +m^2$ ÕâÑùµÄʽ×Ó£¨ÆäÖÐ EÊÇÄÜÁ¿£¬p Ϊ¶¯Á¿£¬ m ΪÖÊÁ¿£©£¬Á¢¿ÌÔâµ½¼¸Î»Ë¶Ê¿»òÒÔÉÏѧÀúµÄÍøÓѵÄÇ¿ÁÒÖÊÒÉ£¬ËµÄãÕâÎïÀíÔõôѧµÄ£¬µ¥Î»¶¼¶Ô²»ÉÏ£¿ÎÒ˵ÉÏÃæʽ×ÓÊÇÏà¶ÔÂÛÄÜÁ¿¹«Ê½£¬µ«¹âËÙ c =1£¬¼ò»¯ÁË¡£´ó¼Ò·´¶Ô¸üΪ¼¤ÁÒ£¬¹âËÙµÈÓÚ1?  


¼ÙÉèÄãÔÚ½ÖÉÏÎÊÒ»¸öСÅóÓÑÀëµØÌúÕ¾ÓжàÔ¶£¬¶Ô·½»Ø´ð£º¡°Îå·ÖÖÓ¡±¡£ÄãÓ¦¸Ã²»»á˵£ºÐ¡ÅóÓÑ£¬ÎÒÎʾàÀ룬ÄãÔõô»Ø´ðʱ¼äÄØ£¿Äã»áÃ÷°××ßÎå·ÖÖӾ͵½ÁË¡£µ±È»£¬¾«È·ËãÆðÀ´µ½µ×¶à¾ÃÈ¡¾öÓÚ²½ÐÐËٶȣ¬µ«ÊÇÓÐÒ»¸ö¸ÅÄîÊÇÇå³þµÄ£ºÈç¹ûÓÐÒ»¸öËٶȱê×¼£¬¾àÀë¿ÉÒÔÓÃʱ¼äÀ´±í´ï£¬¾àÀëµÄµ¥Î»¸úʱ¼äµÄµ¥Î»Ïàͬ¡£ÔÚÎÒÃÇÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÀ¾àÀëÊÇ5·ÖÖÓ£¬²½ÐÐʱ¼äÄØ£¬Ò²ÊÇÎå·ÖÖÓ¡£²½ÐÐËÙ¶ÈÊÇ£º v = 5·ÖÖÓ/5·ÖÖÓ = 1  ¡£×¢ÒâÉÏϵĵ¥Î»µÖÏûÁË£¬ËÙ¶ÈÊÇÒ»¸ö´¿´âµÄÊý×Ö¡£

µ±È»ÁË£¬Óò½ÐÐËÙ¶È×÷Ϊ±ê×¼²»ÊǸöºÃÖ÷Ò⣬¸öÈË×ß·ËٶȲî±ðºÜ´ó¡£ÓÃÉùËÙÈçºÎ£¿Ò²²»ÊÇÄÇôºÃ£¬ÉùËÙÓëѹǿ¡¢ÃܶÈÓйأ¬Ò²ÊDZäµÄ¡£µ«×ÔÈ»½çÓиöËÙ¶ÈÊDz»±äµÄ£¬ÄǾÍÊÇÕæ¿ÕÀïµÄ¹âËÙ c ¡£¼òµ¥Æð¼û£¬ÎÒÃÇÁî c =1 ¡£µ±È»£¬ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÁî c = 5 £¬²»¹ýÄǾÍÓеã×ÔÕÒÂé·³ÁË¡£ÖÁ´ËΪֹ£¬ÎÒÃÇÉÏÃæµÄÏà¶ÔÂÛÄÜÁ¿¹«Ê½Çå³þÁË¡£ÓÐÁË c =1 £¬ÄÇôÆäËûµÄËÙ¶ÈÒ²¿ÉÒÔ±í´ïÁË£¬±ÈÈç10Ã×ÿÃëµÄÆû³µËÙ¶ÈÓÃÕâ¸öµ¥Î»ÊÇ $3.3 \times 10^{-7}$ ¡£

µ«ÂíÉÏÓÐÒ»¸öÎÊÌ⣬¹âËÙ c =1 ²»´í£¬µ«ÎÒÃÇ»¹µÃÓиöʱ¼äµ¥Î»²ÅÄܱí´ïʱ¼äÓë¾àÀ롣ʱ¼äÈç¹ûÓÃÃëΪµ¥Î»£¬ÄÇôµØÇòÔÂÇòÖ®¼äµÄ¾àÀë´ó¸ÅÊÇ1Ãë¶à¡£

ÎÒÃÇÔÚÁ¿×ÓÁ¦Ñ§Àï¾­³£ÒªÓõ½Ò»¸ö³£Êý½ÐÆÕÀʿ˳£Êý£¬Ëü°Ñ¹â×ÓµÄÄÜÁ¿Óë½ÇƵÂÊÁªÏµÆðÀ´£º $E = \hbar \omega$ ¡£¹«Ê½ÀïÀÏÊÇҪдÕâ¸ö³£ÊýÒ²²»·½±ã£¬¸É´àÒ²ÁîËüΪ 1£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ $\hbar=1$ ¡£ÕâÑùÒ»À´£¬¹â×ÓÄÜÁ¿¹«Ê½³ÉÁË $E=\omega$ , ·Ç³£¼ò½à¡£

ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´¿´Õâ¸ö¹«Ê½µÄµ¥Î»¡£×ó±ßÊÇÄÜÁ¿£¬ÓÒ±ßÊǽÇƵÂÊ£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ $2\pi$ ³ËÒÔƵÂÊ£¬¶øƵÂÊÊǵ¥Î»Ê±¼äÄÚµÄÀ´»Ø´ÎÊý£¬ÆäÁ¿¸ÙÊÇ ¡°1/ʱ¼ä¡±¡£¿É¼ûÁî $\hbar=1$ µÄ½á¹ûÊÇÄÜÁ¿¸úʱ¼äµÄµ¥Î»Êǵ¹µÄ£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÄÜÁ¿µÄµ¹ÊýÀ´±íʾʱ¼ä¡£¶øÇ°ÃæÎÒÃÇÁî c=1 Ö®ºó£¬Ê±¼ä¸ú¾àÀëµÄµ¥Î»Ïàͬ¡£ÕâôһÀ´£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓá°1/µ¥Î»ÄÜÁ¿¡± ×÷Ϊʱ¼äÓë¾àÀëµÄµ¥Î»¡£ÁíÍ⣬ $E=mc^2=m$ £¬¿É¼ûÖÊÁ¿ÓëÄÜÁ¿µ¥Î»Ïàͬ¡£ÀàËƵģ¬¶¯Á¿µ¥Î»Ò²ÓëÄÜÁ¿µ¥Î»Ïàͬ¡£½Ç¶¯Á¿µÄµ¥Î»ÄØ£¿ r x p, ¾àÀ뵥λÊÇ1/µ¥Î»ÄÜÁ¿£¬p µ¥Î»Êǵ¥Î»ÄÜÁ¿¡£½Ç¶¯Á¿Ã»Óе¥Î»£¬ÊÇ´¿´âÊý×Ö¡£ÆäʵÕâÒ²¿ÉÒÔ´Ó $\hbar=1$ Ö±½Ó¿´³öÀ´£¬ÆÕÀʿ˳£ÊýµÄµ¥Î»Óë½Ç¶¯Á¿µ¥Î»Ïàͬ£¨Ò²ÊÇ×÷ÓÃÁ¿µ¥Î»£©¡£¼ÓËٶȵĵ¥Î»ÄØ£¿ ËüÊÇ ¾àÀë³ýÒÔʱ¼äµÄƽ·½£¬Òò´Ë¸úÄÜÁ¿µ¥Î»Ïàͬ¡£

¿´À´£¬ $\hbar=c=1$ Ö®ºó£¬ÎÒÃÇÖ»ÒªÓиöÄÜÁ¿µ¥Î»¾Í×ã¹»ÁË£¬ÆäËûÁ¿¶¼ÓÃÄÜÁ¿±íʾ¡£ÄÜÁ¿µ¥Î»¿ÉÒÔÓý¹¶ú£¬µç×Ó·üµÈµÈ£¬ÔÚÁ£×ÓÎïÀíÀïÄÜÁ¿µ¥Î»Ò»°ãÓà GeV£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ10ÒÚ¸öµç×Ó·ü¡£³¤¶Èµ¥Î»¾ÍÊÇ  1/GeV£¬Ê±¼äÒ²ÊÇÕâ¸öµ¥Î» 1/GeV ¡£ÄÇô, 1/GeV µÄ³¤¶ÈÈç¹û»»³ÉÎÒÃdz£ÓõÄÃ×ÊǶàÉÙÄØ£¿

ÒªËã³öÕâ¸ö³¤¶È£¬ÏÈµÃ°Ñ 1/GeV  »»Ëã³ÉÆÕͨÓÃÃë±íʾµÄʱ¼ä£¬ÔÙ³ËÒÔ¹âËÙ¡£ÔÚ¹ú¼Êµ¥Î»ÖÆÀï $\hbar = 1.0545718 × 10^{-34}" style="font-family:ËÎÌå, simsun;line-height:36px;background-color:#ffffff;$ (½¹¶ú*Ã룩£¬1 GeV Ϊ $1.6021\times 10^{-10}$ (½¹¶ú£©£¬µÃ³öÆä¶ÔÓ¦µÄʱ¼äÊÇ $\frac{1.0545718 × 10^{-34}}{1.6021 \times 10^{-10}} = 6.58 \times 10^{-25}$ (Ã룩¡£Òò´Ë 1GeV µÄ³¤¶ÈÊÇ $3 \times 10^8 \times 6.58 \times 10^{-25} = 1.97 \times 10^{-16}$ (Ã×£©¡£

c=1 ¿ÉÒÔ˵ÊÇÏà¶ÔÂÛµÄ×ÔÈ»µ¥Î»£¬hbar =1 ÊÇÁ¿×ÓÁ¦Ñ§µÄ×ÔÈ»µ¥Î»¡£ÈÈÁ¦Ñ§Óëͳ¼ÆÎïÀíÀﻹÓÐÒ»¸ö³£Êý£º²£¶û×ÈÂü³£Êý $k_B$ £¬Ëü°Ñ΢¹ÛÔ˶¯Óëºê¹ÛζÈÁªÏµÆðÀ´£¬ÎÒÃÇͬÑù°ÑÕâ¸ö²£¶û×ÈÂü³£ÊýÉèΪ1. ÕâÑùìصĹ«Ê½¾Í³ÉÁË $S=\ln \Omega$ , ÆäÖÐ $\Omega$ Ϊ΢¹Û̬Êý¡£ÓÉÓÚ $k_B T$

µ¥Î»ÊÇÄÜÁ¿£¬¿É¼ûζȵĵ¥Î»Ò²ÊÇÄÜÁ¿£¬µ«ÊÇ Óà GeV ×÷Ϊµ¥Î»¶ÔÓ¦µÄζȷdz£¸ß£¬ÎÒÃÇÒ»°ãÓõç×Ó·ü eV ×÷Ϊζȵ¥Î»¡£Ò»¸öµç×Ó·ü¶ÔÓ¦µÄζÈÈç¹û»»³É¿ª¶ûÎÄÊǶàÉÙ£¬´ó¼Ò¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¼ºÁ·Ï°¡£


ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÊÔÊÔÁ¿¸Ù·ÖÎö¡£¼òµ¥µÄÀý×Ó£¬µ¥°ÚµÄÖÜÆÚ TÓ볤¶È L ÓëÖØÁ¦¼ÓËÙ¶È g µÄ¹Øϵ¡£T µÄÁ¿¸ÙÊÇ [1/E], L ÊÇ [1/E ], g ÊÇ [E]¡£ËùÒÔ $T \propto \sqrt{L/g}$ ¡£
Õâ¿´ÆðÀ´²»´í¡£µ«ÓÉÓÚËٶȳÉÁËÎÞÁ¿¸ÙÊý£¬ÓÃ×ÔÈ»µ¥Î»¾ÍʧȥÁ˺ܶàÁ¿¸Ù·ÖÎöµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£



https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-684007-1001793.html

ÉÏһƪ£ºº«´ºÓêÈç¹û˵20¼ÒÖظ´µÄÂß¼­Ë¼Î¬
ÏÂһƪ£ºÕÅ·åרÀû¹Ù˾¿ÆÆÕ¼°°¸Çé·¢Õ¹-ÅÑÌÓÕß½«±» UC ´«Ñ¶
ÊÕ²Ø IP: 24.7.123.*| ÈȶÈ|

5 Íõ°²Á¼ ÐìÁîÓè ÂíµÂÒå ÕÅѧÎÄ Áõ½¨¶°

¸Ã²©ÎÄÔÊÐí×¢²áÓû§ÆÀÂÛ Çëµã»÷µÇ¼ ÆÀÂÛ (5 ¸öÆÀÂÛ)

Êý¾Ý¼ÓÔØÖÐ...
ɨһɨ£¬·ÖÏí´Ë²©ÎÄ

Archiver|ÊÖ»ú°æ|¿ÆѧÍø ( ¾©ICP±¸07017567ºÅ-12 )

GMT+8, 2024-12-23 06:08

Powered by ScienceNet.cn

Copyright © 2007- Öйú¿Æѧ±¨Éç

·µ»Ø¶¥²¿