2016年诺贝尔物理学奖

http://www.nobelprize.org/

Physics:
Tuesday 4 October, 11:45 a.m. at the earliest

当地时间10月4日，诺贝尔物理学奖评委会在斯德哥尔摩的瑞典皇家科学院宣布，2016年诺贝尔物理学奖物理学奖授予三位美国科学家：戴维·索利斯、邓肯·霍尔丹和迈克尔·科斯特利茨，以表彰他们在理论上发现了物质的拓扑相变和拓扑相。(央视记者杜俊)

　　

　　

Physics	David J. Thouless (United Kingdom, United States) Duncan Haldane (United Kingdom, United States) John M. Kosterlitz(United Kingdom)

David James Thouless (born 21 September 1934) is a condensed-matter physicist, Wolf Prize winner and winner of the 2016 Nobel Prize for physics.^[1]

Thouless earned his PhD at Cornell University under Hans Bethe. He was a professor of mathematical physics at Birmingham University in the United Kingdom before becoming a professor of physics at the University of Washington in Seattle in 1980. Thouless has made many theoretical contributions to the understanding of extended systems of atoms and electrons, and of nucleons. His work includes work on superconductivity phenomena, properties of nuclear matter, and excited collective motions within nuclei.

Thouless is a Fellow of the Royal Society, Fellow of the American Physical Society, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Among his awards are the Wolf Prize for Physics (1990), the Paul Dirac Medal of the Institute of Physics (1993), the Lars Onsager Prize of the American Physical Society (2000), and the Nobel Prize in Physics (2016).

Frederick Duncan Michael Haldane FRS (born 14 September 1951) is a British physicist who is Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics at the physics department of Princeton University in the United States. He shared the 2016 Nobel prize for physics with David J. Thouless and John Michael Kosterlitz.

He is known for a wide variety of fundamental contributions to condensed matter physics including the theory of Luttinger liquids, the theory of one-dimensional Spin chains, the theory of Fractional Quantum Hall Effect, Exclusion Statistics, Entanglement Spectra and much more. His awards include Fellow of the Royal Society of London; Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Boston); Fellow of theAmerican Physical Society; Fellow of the Institute of Physics (UK); Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; winner of the Oliver E. Buckley Prize of the American Physical Society (1993);Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow (1984–88); Lorentz Chair (2008), Dirac Medal (2012) ^[2] andNobel prize in Physics (2016)

John Michael Kosterlitz is a professor of physics at Brown University.

J. Michael Kosterlitz, Nobel Prize-winner and native of Aberdeen in Scotland, is the son of the biochemist Hans Walter Kosterlitz. He received his B.A. and M.A. at Cambridge University. In 1969 he earned a D.Phil. at Oxford University. After a few postdoctoral positions, including stays at theUniversity of Birmingham, collaborating with David Thouless, and at Cornell University, he was appointed to the faculty of the University of Birmingham in 1974, first as a lecturer and, later, as a reader. Since 1982, he is professor of physics at Brown University.

He does research in condensed matter theory, one- and two-dimensional physics; in phase transitions: random systems, electron localization, and spin glasses; and in critical dynamics: melting and freezing.

Michael Kosterlitz was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2016, Maxwell Medal and Prize from the British Institute of Physics in 1981, the Lars Onsager Prize from the American Physical Society in 2000, especially, for his work on the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. Since 1993, he is a Fellow of the American Physical Society.

北京时间10月4日下午5点45分，2016年诺贝尔物理学奖揭晓，三位英美科学家David J. Thouless， F. Duncan M. Haldane，J. Michael Kosterlitz获奖。获奖理由是“理论发现拓扑相变和拓扑相物质”。其中，David J. Thouless独享一半奖金，F. Duncan M. Haldane与J. Michael Kosterlitz分享另一半奖金。

David J. Thouless,1934年出生于英国贝尔斯登，1958年从美国康奈尔大学获得博士学位。目前为美国华盛顿大学荣誉退休教授。

F. Duncan M. Haldane，1951年出生于英国伦敦，1978年从英国剑桥大学获得博士学位。目前为美国普林斯顿大学物理学教授。

J. Michael Kosterlitz，1942年出生于英国阿伯丁，1969年从英国牛津大学获得博士学位。目前为美国布朗大学物理学教授。

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