|
2016年5月9日,胡萝卜(carrot,Daucus carota)基因组在线发表于《Nature Genetics》。胡萝卜是伞形科(Apiaceae)胡萝卜属(Daucus)二年生植物(biennial),是世界上十种最重要的蔬菜作物之一,世界范围内分布广泛。胡萝卜因其具有的营养价值而知名,其中维生素前体类胡萝素(carotenoid)的含量较高。另外,类胡萝卜也是这类蔬菜产生橙色、黄色和红色等颜色的原因。
这篇胡萝卜基因组论文也是一项国际合作的成果,作者21人,相对多数基因组论文作者人数而言,算是比较少的了,作者中大部分人来自美国,其它涉及的国别包括中国(深圳华大基因)、意大利、西班牙、阿根廷、土耳其、波兰。论文第一作者为Massimo Iorizzo,来自美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的园艺系。这篇论文报道的基因组是伞形科首个完成全基因组测序的物种,测序质量较高,报道了染色体水平的序列。测序的是一个双单倍体(double-haploid),421.5 Mb,包含4907条scaffold序列(N50 = 12.7 Mb),大概占胡萝卜总基因组大小的90%。另外,86%的基因组组装序列(362 Mb)被锚定到 9 条染色体上。胡萝卜基因组共注释到32113个编码蛋白基因,46%的重复序列。
这篇论文报道的研究在生物学意义上有两个亮点,一是鉴定了两个新的多倍化事件,都发生在胡萝卜与菊目(Asterales order)其它物种分化后,这可以指导伞形科其它基因组的测序及进化研究;一是鉴定了一个胡萝卜主根中决定类胡萝素积累的基因DCAR_032551,可以推动对这一生物学特性的在分子遗传机制上做更深入的研究。研究指出调控胡萝卜主根中类胡萝卜素积累的主要机制不在生物合成的水平上,并提出了DCAR_032551调控包括光形态发生(photomorphogenesis)和根脱落(de-etiolation)等在内的光系统发育和功能过程的上游通路的假说。
论文标题:A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution
doi:10.1038/ng.3565
论文摘要:
We report a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly and analysis of the carrot (Daucus carota) genome, the first sequenced genome to include a comparative evolutionary analysis among members of the euasterid II clade. We characterized two new polyploidization events, both occurring after the divergence of carrot from members of the Asterales order, clarifying the evolutionary scenario before and after radiation of the two main asterid clades. Large- and small-scale lineage-specific duplications have contributed to the expansion of gene families, including those with roles in flowering time, defense response, flavor, and pigment accumulation. We identified a candidate gene, DCAR_032551, that conditions carotenoid accumulation (Y) in carrot taproot and is coexpressed with several isoprenoid biosynthetic genes. The primary mechanism regulating carotenoid accumulation in carrot taproot is not at the biosynthetic level. We hypothesize that DCAR_032551 regulates upstream photosystem development and functional processes, including photomorphogenesis and root de-etiolation.
参考文献:
Iorizzo, M., Ellison, S., Senalik, D., Zeng, P., Satapoomin, P., Huang, J., ... & Yildiz, M. (2016). A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution. Nature genetics.
Garcia-Mas, J., & Rodriguez-Concepcion, M. (2016). The carrot genome sequence brings colors out of the dark. Nature genetics, 48(6), 589-590.
Wikipedia.org
欢迎关注“植物基因组”微信公众号
(微信号:plant-genomes)
Archiver|手机版|科学网 ( 京ICP备07017567号-12 )
GMT+8, 2024-11-8 16:34
Powered by ScienceNet.cn
Copyright © 2007- 中国科学报社