​Ferromagnetic antiphase domain boundary in Mn-doped hexagonal BaTiO3 multiferroics.

Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 (24), 242910 (2013).

Abstract

The magnetic properties of hexagonal Ba(Ti_1−xMn_x)O₃ (x = 1/9, 1/6) samples specifically treated under different thermal conditions are investigated. A magnetic transformation from paramagnetism of as-grown samples to weak ferromagnetism of post-annealed samples is observed at room temperature. Associated with the structural modulation characteristics and dielectric behaviors, our experimental results reveal that the high-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped hexagonal BaTiO₃ derives from R_III types of antiphase domain boundaries. Spin glass transitions are observed at T_sg = 48 K and 44 K in the densely doped as-grown and post-annealed samples, respectively, but the transitions are not intrinsic properties of the hexagonal phases.