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寻找新的微生物纤维素酶并优化β-葡萄糖苷酶的葡萄糖耐受性
文章链接: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21501203.2022.2155261
文章引言 在纸浆造纸过程中,造纸厂会产生大量固体废物,称为纸浆和造纸厂污泥(pulp and paper mill sludge,PPMS)。在南非,已经产生了40-50万吨PPMS,这使得纸浆和造纸工业成为污染最严重的行业之一。PPMS中含有有机和无机材料,其中大多数是有机材料,包括造纸原材料木材中的木质纤维素残留物。生物精炼厂可以将这种木质纤维素水解为单糖,将单糖作为原料经过化学和微生物转化变为生物燃料(乙醇、丁醇和碳氢化合物)、各种有机酸和其他更高价值的产品。纤维素酶可以水解木质纤维素,它由3种不同的酶组成,即内切葡聚糖酶(1, 4-β-D-glucanohydrolase),外切葡聚糖酶(1, 4-β-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase)和β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-D-glucopyranoside glucohydrolases)。β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性是决定纤维素转化为葡萄糖的限速步骤,大多数纤维素酶被其产物葡萄糖抑制。因此,寻找一种新的微生物纤维素酶生产者,并优化β-葡萄糖苷酶的葡萄糖耐受性变得十分关键。真菌和细菌都能产生纤维素酶,而真菌能分泌更多的纤维素酶,其酶具有更强的综合能力。
研究发现 南非KwaZulu-Natal大学Nivisti Singh团队使用连续稀释法从树皮和土壤中分离获得了46种真菌分离株,34种分离株具有β-葡萄糖苷酶活性,其中27种分离株显示出中等或较高的酶活性。在第二次筛选时,生产β-葡萄糖苷酶的真菌分离株减少到13种。使用定量和定性方法筛选具有内切葡聚糖酶、外切葡聚糖酶的分离株,通过ITS扩增鉴定出7种真菌分离株,分别为Aspergillus japonicas VIT-SB1 (C1)、 Neofusicoccum parvuma (C2)、 Meyerozyma guilliermondi XQ9 (C4)、 Trichoderma atroviride (MS8)、 Lasiodiplodia iranensis (PB8)、 Chaetomella sp. BBA70074 (PS1)、 Neofusicoccum parvumb (MB5)。进一步实验筛选7种分离株β-葡萄糖苷酶最高的葡萄糖耐受量,鉴定为Chaetomella sp. BBA70074分离株PS1对葡萄糖的耐受性最高,在0.8 M葡萄糖存在下保留10%的β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。Chaetomella sp. BBA70074的β-葡萄糖苷酶分子量为170 kDa,pH和温度最佳值分别为6 °C和70 °C。未来的研究将包括优化Chaetomella sp. BBA70074葡萄糖耐受酶的生产。
27种真菌分离株β-葡萄糖苷酶活定量 Quantification of β-glucosidase activity for the 27 fungal isolates with the largest precipitate zones from qualitative screening in the crude enzyme extracts produced at 30 °C, 125 rpm and 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate at OD410 nm (Mean ± SD, N = 4).
13种真菌分离株内切葡聚糖酶、外切葡聚糖酶活定量 Quantification of endoglucanase and exoglucanase activity of the 13 isolates that displayed the highest β-glucosidase activity using the crude enzyme extract produced at 30 °C, 125 rpm and the DNS assay with avicel and CMC as substrates, respectively at OD540 nm (Mean ± SD, N = 4).
7种β-葡萄糖苷酶的葡萄糖耐受性 Glucose tolerance of crude β-glucosidases produced by Aspergillus japonicas (C1), Neofusicoccum parvuma (C2), Meyerozyma guilliermondi (C4), Trichoderma atroviride (MS8), Neofusicoccum parvumb (MB5), Lasiodiplodia iranensis (PB8), Chaetomella sp. (PS1), at 30 °C, 125 rpm using 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate at OD410 nm (Mean ± SD, N = 4).
结语 该研究鉴定出满足工业生产的新的纤维素分解真菌分离株,该分离株生产的β-葡萄糖苷酶具有较好的葡萄糖耐受性,有希望为生物精炼厂大规模生产降低成本。
Please cite this article as 引用信息 Nivisti Singh, Bruce Sithole & Roshini Govinden (2022) Screening for cellulases and preliminary optimisation of glucose tolerant β-glucosidase production and characterisation, Mycology, DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2155261
Tips Supported by the Technology Innovation Agency (TIA) managed DST/CON/0177/2018: SIIP: ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGIES (EMT) grant and the Biorefinery Industry Development Facility (BIDF) at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Durban, South Africa.
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