|||
第7次课
Linux网络(网络基础)
[root@localhostpub]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet (以太网) HWaddr 00:0C:29:C1:E5:93(网卡的mark地址)
inet addr:192.168.88.131(本地局域网) Bcast:192.168.88.255 Mask:255.255.255.0(网络掩码,掩的是24位)
inet6 addr:fe80::20c:29ff:fec1:e593/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
(接收)RX packets:1394 errors:0 dropped:0overruns:0 frame:0
(发射)TX packets:574 errors:0 dropped:0overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:118006 (115.2 KiB) TX bytes:75559 (73.7 KiB)
Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2024
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:240 (240.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
光纤的标识::fddi0 fddi1
Eth0 是普通网线的接头
检查网络和网卡的连通性
[root@localhost pub]# mii-tool eth0(不能再虚拟机上使用)
SIOCGMIIPHYon 'eth0' failed: Operation not supported
查看系统:
[root@localhost pub]# cat /etc/issue
CentOSrelease 6.5 (Final)
Kernelr on an m
root@localhost pub]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[root@localhost pub]# service network restart (重启eth0,eth1)
单网卡启动
[root@localhostpub]# ifconfig eth1 down
[root@localhostpub]# ifconfig eth1 up
一个网口配置多个ip
[root@localhostpub]# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.1.2/255.255.255.0
查看主机名:
[root@localhost pub]# hostname
localhost.localdomain
[root@localhost pub]# hostname aminglinux.com
但是这样的修改仅仅在内存中生效,重启之后该hostname便不存在了。
[root@localhostpub]# hostname
aminglinux.com
彻底修改hostname,写入配置文件,查看network配置文件
[root@localhostpub]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
另一个重要的文件。/etc/hosts文件,是个简易的DNS服务器,它的优先级大于公网的优先级
[root@localhost pub]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomainlocalhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
[root@localhost pub]# vim /etc/nsswitch.conf
passwd: files
shadow: files
group: files
#hosts: db filesnisplus nis dns
hosts: files dns
怎么修改DNS??(两种方式)
[root@localhostpub]# vim /etc/resolv.conf
[root@localhostpub]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
查看路由表
路由是什么?是定义到达某一个网络的路径(TCP/IP协议)
[root@localhostpub]# route -n
KernelIP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.88.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 (通配符)192.168.88.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
U:直连网络
UG
服务器禁止ping
root@localhost pub]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all
0(默认可以ping)
[root@localhost pub]# vim /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all
Vim无法修改0的值
用echo修改
[root@localhost pub]# echo "1" >proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all
同样,这样的操作只会在内存中生效,重启后又变回原来的样子。
[root@localhost pub]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
查看服务器开启的端口:
[root@localhostpub]# netstat -antp
ActiveInternet connections (servers and established)
ProtoRecv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1844/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1694/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2047/master
tcp 0 224 192.168.88.131:22 192.168.88.1:51199 ESTABLISHED 2304/sshd
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1844/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1694/cupsd
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2047/master
[root@localhostpub]#setup设置ip
软件包安装:
Centos根据Redhat改编,Redhat公司所有的安装包 xx.rpm。
怎么将iso镜像文件上传到虚拟机?
[root@guohuiqiang~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ (没有光驱,所以不成功)
mount:you must specify the filesystem type
使用iso镜像
[root@guohuiqiang ~]# rpm –ivh(安装一个包)
rpm:no packages given for install
[root@guohuiqiang ~]# rpm –uvh(升级一个包)
[root@guohuiqiang ~]# rpm –q(查看一个包是不是安装,不需要写后面的版本号)
[root@guohuiqiang ~]# rpm -q ypserv
packageypserv is not installed
查看所有看装包[root@guohuiqiang ~]# rpm –qa
[root@guohuiqiang~]# rpm -qa |wc –l(查看安装了多少个包)
920
查看一个包的详细信息
[root@guohuiqiang ~]# rpm -qi ypserv (query information -qi)
查看一个包安装产生的文件
[root@guohuiqiang ~]# rpm -ql ypserv
[root@guohuiqiang~]# rpm -qf /user/sbin/ypserv
(反查,ypserv是因为装了哪个包才有了该命令)
卸载一个包
[root@guohuiqiang~]# rpm -e lrzsz
强制删除[root@guohuiqiang ~]#rpm -e lrzsz –nodeps
强制安装rpm –ivh booming –force
Rpm安装只针对redhat和centos系统
解决安装包之间的依赖关系,yum安装
源码包的安装,三步
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