申请美国大学的博士研究生除了考试成绩、简历之外，常常还要写一篇长短要求不一的《自我陈述》（Personal Statement）或者《目的陈述》（Statement of purpose）。 我在美国大学做老师的时候，曾经多次参与招生委员会的工作， 趁这次亲戚家的孩子让我帮她看看她的《自我陈述》的机会，把我个人的体会写下来，希望能够对同学们有点用处。

       《自我陈述》其实就是一封让招生委员会觉得非你莫属的“求职”信。陈述的目的是为了得到一份在大学读博士所需要的奖学金。你所上的本科、硕士的大学、已经获得的考试成绩、研究经验仅仅是你的硬件，而《自我陈述》则需要把你的软件部分（个性）充分体现出来。

        首先因为这是一个研究生的位置，你需要讲清楚为什么你将会是一个优秀的研究生，你的人生追求、目标、动力是什么？努力程度如何？提出、分析、解决问题能力怎样？思考能力、创造力如何？与人相处，团队精神有没有？要用具体的学习、工作、甚至生活中的例子，用真实可信的关于自己的故事来说明，切莫喊空洞的口号，写无用的标语。

       但申请研究生，特别是申请著名大学的优秀人才很多，为什么这个大学要挑选你？这就需要证明你的兴趣、特长和该校的某些导师研究方向完美的匹配，要充分体现出你对某个科学问题的深度了解和把握（目前研究水平、存在问题等），表明你已有的技能及快速学习能力能使你很快进入状态。写得越具体越好，但要深入浅出，用大家都能明白的语言。例如你可以讲讲研究兴趣的发展过程，为什么它成为了你的长期奋斗目标？为什么这个学校某个导师的研究方向能够帮你达到这个目标？为什么本科生、硕士生的经历让你做好了进入这个学校有专长的某个导师研究方向的准备？你从过去研究经历中学到了什么？同时有没有什么个人、朋友、家庭的原因使你对这个学校特别有兴趣？

       总之，《自我陈述》要从具体例子来体现出一个自信、成熟、 积极主动、刻苦耐劳、爱思考、能钻研、已经准备好为科学献身的你。但是如果你觉得自己做不到呢？如果做不到，又何必去读博士呢？博士不是一个人人必须得的学位，一定得有兴趣，真心地爱好，吃得了苦，扛得住压，必须是你自己愿意为之而奋斗。

附言：网上有很多这方面的材料，申请的学校网站上也有可能有具体指导。多看看网上的经验之谈,想想别人的样本是怎么写的，从范文中学习是最快的学习方法，但一定要用自己的语言，讲好自己的故事。

这是从http://www.statementofpurpose.com/essayuncq_lifesci.html下载的一篇范文，供大家参考。

The working of the brain (like most of nature) is all about synchrony. My interest in the brain and biology of behavior gained fresh impetus during my undergraduate studies at St.Paul's. As a volunteer at the Social Involvement Program in my college, I helped with children who had cerebral palsy, attention deficit and learning disorders and were autistic. Each of them had special needs. Their individual personalities complete with likes and dislikes shone through their disorders. However it soon became clear that in spite of all their differences, what lay at the crux of their problems was asynchrony. They lacked the correct interplay of physical and chemical signals between their brains and their bodies.

I want to know why these "crossed" signals make their learning and memory processes different from mine. Is it possible for us to remedy the altered perspective they have of life? My brain communicates in synch with my body. But who is waving the baton that conducts this perfect symphony? How would it be any different if I had a glass of champagne, a snort of cocaine or was 60 years older?

As my undergraduate studies at St. Paul's progressed, I was introduced to many more players that eventually chisel out a unique brain. Aging and neuro degenerative disorders raised a few questions in my mind. In what way are the two related to each other? What effect do they have on our brain and behavior? How do the same molecules (whether hormones, alcohol, drugs or neurotransmitters) elicit a confluence of physical and emotional experiences in us?

While reading about the research being done in the Behavioral Neuroscience program at Binghamton, I have come across work that can provide answers to my questions about the brain and its link with behavior. When I graduated, I knew how the brain looked and worked. I want to continue my education with a study that will help me gain a deeper understanding of communication within the brain.

I am looking forward to being a part of the work being done in the labs of Dr. Paul Silverand Linda Steele. Like most of us, I started out with the same sheet of epithelial cells that developed into a perfect little brain. However, I think the power of this brain lies in the way it has changed with experiences, environment and me to become a structure that is uniquely mine.

Aging,chemicals and disease are just a few of the many tools that chisel out an individual brain. Their mechanisms of action have been a source of interest to me ever since my first encounter with them. I hope to turn this interest into a learning experience at Binghamton.

The highlight of my undergraduate years was the Honors Program, which taught me to apply the knowledge I had gained, to achieve a particular aim. One of my projects was as a teacher at the Open Ended Experiments (OEE). I helped my juniors understand vital theories, which they could apply to perform simple experiments. Sometimes one of the best ways to learn is by teaching someone else and thanks to the OEEI have gained new insight into many aspects of my subject. I enjoyed watching the way my questions made someone think and finally learn. I see teaching as an important part of my future.

The sharing of ideas and new findings has always been a vital part of my undergraduate life. Presentations were a perfect opportunity for me to explore beyond the syllabus and were instrumental in giving me a competitive edge over my peers. I relish a chance to indulge my creative side and gaining a deeper understanding of my work in the process make presentations a good bargain! I enjoy diving into a flood of data, picking out relevant information and delivering it all to an appreciative audience! The dynamic nature of scientific research was revealed to me as I worked on my presentations. Often new theories replaced old ones so fast that I was updating my work right up till the morning I had to present.

Once out of college, I was thirsting to put into practice all my undergraduate education.Interning at Wellcome Institute of Fundamental Research (WIFR) under Dr. Ray has given me the perfect opportunity to glimpse at the career I am entering. As my education has progressed, my resolve to have a career in research has strengthened.

At WIFR I saw first hand, the effect that improper communication between the brain and body had on behavior. A defect in a transporter for cholineacetyltransferase results in a lack of acetylcholine at the synapses, which among other things gives rise to an uncoordinated fly. Besides opening up the world of scientific research to me, my experiences here have taught me that mistakes do not always have to hold you back, and often take you closer to your goal. Things often look easy to do at first glance, but a lot of hard work is involved in making them seem that way. After standardizing some protocols myself, I now understand the kind of effort that goes into developing the techniques that make my work so much easier. I have expanded on my work and my motivation to join WIFR in an attachment to this essay.

I am interested in the study of behavioral and cognitive processes because they play an important role in defining us as a species. The study of organisms as diverse as humans, birds, mice and flies brings us closer everyday to the answers we seek. Perhaps there will come a time when research about the brain will eventually culminate in an understanding so profound that it will allow us to tell just from a simple MRI, the kind of life an individual has led. Right from the substances he has abused to the molecules that make him the person he is.

My life experiences have moulded me in to a hard-working and what I would call an "unflappable" person. I have learnt that in science (and life) it doesn't hurt to have a healthy sense of humor. My future goals include establishing a career in research and educating people about science. Scientific research has its origins in a very fundamental human character -- curiosity. It is very important though, to ask the right question. Research in Behavioral Neuroscience at Binghamton has raised many relevant questions and I would like to be one of the people working towards the answers.