博文
恢复我在科学网上的博客－以我在郑州院青年人员学术报告开始
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1、Dear Chairman, dear fellow colleagues, good morning! I’m glad to have the chance to show my work to you. Because I’m required to make an English presentation, I’m quite worried that my English might block your understanding of my speech.
After our leader assigned the speech task to me, I had been thinking about what to introduce to you, because it’s my first time to make this kind of presentation. I’ve been working here in ZTRI for nearly ten years, and there must be a lot of work to show you. Later what came up to my mind was that there’s always a main thread in all scientific research, so I’d like to share with you the main thread of my work.
If I had chance to make another presentation, I wish I could share with you some of my other work, better in Chinese.
Today my topic is Applied Basic Research on Engineering Science in Tobacco Processing Technology. And the key words are Applied Basic Research， Engineering Science and Tobacco Processing Technology.
2、I see many new faces here, so it might be necessary to briefly introduce myself to you, thus it could help you better understand my work.
I got my Bachelor’s degree from Zhengzhou University in 1998. After that, I decided to further my study, partly because I didn’t have a father named “Li Guang”, partly because I love study and reading, and scientific research is in agreement with my interest. So I went to the Institute of Coal Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences and got my PhD in 2003.
From 2003 till now, I’ve been working in ZTRI. In 2010, I went to ICSET as a visiting scholar and did some research in the field of chemical looping at that time. My current field of research is tobacco process.
3、First I’d like to briefly explain what engineering science is. To make it simple, engineering science is the bridge between science and engineering. 1n 1888, (Prof. ) Lewisi in MIT first offered a course of chemical engineering, which is one of my specialities. Since then, Chemical engineers’ work has not been confined to the chemical reaction in lab, but through engineering methods they have transformed the lab products to various goods beneficial to our domestic life.
4、As to engineering science, Mr. Qian once said, “(It is) the practical methods and technologies to transform the theories obtained in basic sciences to humans’ welfare.” There are three aspects of work in engineering science: first, the feasibility of the engineering plan; second, if the plan is feasible, how to realize the plan? third, if at last the project fails, what’s the reason behind it?
In other words, “engineering sciences’ contribution to industrial development is saving human resources, material resources and financial resources.
5、As to the object of tobacco process, Prof. Luo Dengshan once summarized as follows, “The goals of tobacco process are high-quality, low-cost, efficiency, safety, environment-friendly.” High-quality means high-quality products through processing. Low-cost means low cost of materials and energy in the process. Efficiency means that the equipment is efficiently used in the process. Safety means we get safer products, and environment-friendly means the production process and the products make the smallest impact on the environment. These are the objects of tobacco process, and my research objects too.
6、It might help you better understand the main thread of my work if you have a rough idea about my academic background. So I’d like to invite you to have a review together with me on a question I was asked 15 years ago. That’s a question in my entrance examination interview, asked by my tutor, “Please briefly answer what the chemical and physical reactions are in tobacco burning?” At that time, my answers were just the burning reaction, water evaporation, and the thermal release in the process. I couldn’t view the complicated physical and chemical process from the perspectives of transfer phenomena and chemical reaction engineering.
7、In the following five years, I had been doing the research in coal gasification. The central reaction is carbon plus water producing CO and hydrogen. The research is mainly related to pyrolysis, gasification, combustion, and fluidization. The research need to make use of chemical reaction engineering、transfer phenomena. In the picture on the left, you may see the gasifer in our lab. It’s in that lab that I grew up to be an engineer with a chemical engineering background.
8、After graduation till now, almost ten years, my work experience could be divided into two phases during these ten years. The first phase is the first two years when I entered ZTRI, and at that time, tobacco was a brand new field to me, though some people say coal and tobacco are the same, because both value are reflected when burning. So my basic task in the first phase is to get familiar with the new field, meanwhile actively make use of my academic background to support the scientific projects conducted by our lab. My work in my first phase was mainly in four fields: first, through my experiment design (DOE) technology conducting related work in the production line. (One paper was published in this field.) Second, ……third，……。
In this first phase, I obtained a lot of knowledge about tobacco process from many colleagues.
9、While doing the work mentioned above, I gradually entered the second phase of my research. I have to face two problems in this phase. The first problem is rethinking the burning problems of tobacco. Deep understanding and explanation of the problems’ mechanism may be helpful to smoking producing and hold great significance to the research and production of new-type cigarettes. The second problem is the processing problems of tobacco, extracting scientific questions from primary process. The condition and drying problems in the process can be generalized to two-phases reaction between air and tobacco.
10、Next I will introduce how I conducted my work in these two fields.
To deal with the work in the first field is just like to kill the multi-heads dragon in the cartoon. If you want to kill it, you must find its weakness. Tobacco burning is a complicated process, including multicompont products, coupled with mass transfer, chemical reactions ( combustion,pyrolysis and distillation), coupled with heat transfer, phase change , Porous model , it is a transient process and it has input intermittent). In order to make them clear, we should re-analyze the mechanism of tobacco burning from the engineering perspective.
11、Let’s have a look at these two graphs. They analyze the mechanism of tobacco burning. I like to deal with problems with simplest ideas. The easiest way is to construct mathematical models to deal with the burning problem. It includes continuity equation, momentum equation, energy equation, and some mathematical equations including source, mainly including some chemical reactions and some thermal dynamic data. There is no space here. Once getting the result of the model, we can get the simulated result of the tobacco burning.
12、In these graphs, we can see the burning process of a cigarette—starting burnt, to the gradual formation of the burning cone, and then to the stable stage. The formation of the burning cone was focused here.
13、These four graphs on the left reflect the different influence of different cigarette’s materials on the oxygen content distribution in cigarette burn cone. The picture on the upper right is distribution of the tar produced in cigarette burn cone. The picture on the lower right is nicotine produced in cigarette burn cone. These are results of simulation based on mathematical model。
Let’s pause here. Have you noticed some problem here? No matter you discover it or not, many people are doubtful here, including my tutor. Then, what’s wrong?
(pause for a few second here.)
Yuanfang，“what do you think about it” yuanfang said:” there is a big secrete behind it”
14、It’s me who are wrong. I had been running crazily on the road of simulation based on mathematical model, no experiment, no proving, and no application prospect. Someone yelled to me, “Stop, Dr. Li, turn back to the shore!” I suddenly wake up.
15、My boss loudly told me, “You are an engineer, not a scientist. You shouldn’t run nakedly. That is not your type.”
16、 I have to go back to my previous question. I should study tobacco burning through experiment. First I should clearly know the actual change of the temperature in the burning process. And then, I may study the factors on cigarette burning, combining with the mathematical models at the same time. At this time, mathematical model is valid method combining with experiment data. Thus I’m on the right way to research!
The graph on the upper right is the device and software by handle。The graph on the lower right is the result by origin software.
17、 With my persistent research, now this method has developed automatic apparatus, software for data acquisition, data pretreatment and data post-treatment.. My current research field mainly covers three aspects: first, the formation mechanism and adjustment of harmful/flavor components; second, the effect on mechanism of LIP cigarette; third, the design of tobacco blend and cigarette materials.
All these are shown in the slides. We have been working continuously and deeply into this field. There is long way to go. If you are interested in this field, please feel free to contact me.
18、After the above introduction of my research, you might feel I goofed around, or I didn’t concentrate on the right thing. But, as I’ve mentioned before, I have been thinking about what I can do in the tobacco process and how to think. We need to get some background. Tobacco process is an interdiscipline. It ranges widely, including chemistry, chemical engineering, thermal physical，mechanical，automation，computer science, etc. It is synthesized by basic process、cigarette machine、 cigarette design、cigarette material and so on。
19、 In China, the development of tobacco process has gone through three stages. In the first stage, the technology and equipment were imported wholly from foreign countries. The most important problem was how to use it to decrease the cost of tobacco. In the second stage, we digested and innovated the imported equipment. The most important problem was how to use that machine to control and improve the stable and product’s quality. In the third stage, we innovate independently in accordance with the development of the process. The most important problem in the third phase is to best exert the potential of tobacco leaves and to form the special style of the brand.
20、This slide shows the whole procedure of the process. The core of the process is the methods, technology and procedure to make products from the material, that is, the tobacco leaves, into the products. The procedure includes Threshing and Redrying, packing, loosening and Moistening (conditioning), Casing , cutting, drying , flavoring, making cigarette and packing. The tobacco leaves change to slide, then cut into slices, and at last use cigarette machine to produce the products
21、Through my introduction, you might have discovered that tobacco process has provided enormous space for us, just like an endless grassland or sky. Should we indulge ourselves in its beauty, or pack up to seek its treasure, or try to discover something more beautiful in it?
Now let’s have a look at the process procedure again. Tobacco leaves need many-times condition and drying in the process, and the working procedures greatly influence the quality of cigarettes.
22、We may carry on the work in three steps. Step one, analyze single particle and thin layer material. We may set up analyzing experimental devices, and through these devices, we may study condition and drying kinetic of leaf and cut tobacco. At the same time, we can movement of single particle in equipment based on mathematical model. Step two, focus on the condition and drying kinetic and movement of freely settled cut tobacco. Step three, based on the first two steps, we may develop relative simulation and controlling methods, thus to stable and enhance the products’ quality. Up to now, we already have more than 30 academic articles published, and over 10 authorized patents. That’s the key point in the field of tobacco process. This afternoon Dr. Zhu Wenkui is going to make a presentation in this field with great detail. Please continue to follow it.
23、These are the instruments and software platform gradually built in our lab over these years. They have greatly supported the development of the tobacco process’ basic research. They have also attracted many working associates in other fields to our lab to carry out related research. Meanwhile, they have helped to expand the academic communication and cooperation with other research fields such as tobacco chemistry, flavor, etc.
24、These are my students. Among them, Qin Guoxin、Pang Hongrui and Wang Pengfei are sitting in the audience with you now. Most of my students had graduated and entered tobacco industry. They are now exerting their intelligence to make great contribution in their fields.
It’s their hard work that has helped me with my research. Hereby, I sincerely thank them for their excellent work!
25、I’d like to take the change to thank the financial support of some projects
That’s all, thank you for your attention!
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-46539-652167.html
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