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Feng Xu and Shichun Mu∗. Nanoceramic Oxide Hybrid Electrolyte Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells(点击链接下载),Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,2014, 14, 1169–1180
摘要
质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)由于采用氢作为燃料,具有能量转化效率高,可低温启动与运行,环境友好等特点受到了世界各国的高度关注。然而,要实现PEMFC的产业化,还需要解决一些关键技术与科学问题,如大幅降低Pt等贵金属催化剂的用量以降低电池的成本,提高质子交换膜的保水性能以简化水管理及改善电池高温运行环境,进而提高PEMFC的工作效率。对于后一个问题,虽然Nafion等全氟磺酸固体电解质质子交换膜因具有较高的质子交换膜电导率,目前在PEMFC中得到了广泛的应用,但在高温及低湿条件下,该类型质子交换膜容易失水,其质子导电率大幅下降,导致电池输出性能大幅降低。近期,通过与SiO2、TiO2、CeO2、ZrO2, Al2O3,WO3等纳米氧化物陶瓷材料(MOx,M指金属与Si等元素)复合,改善固体电解质膜的高温保水及低湿度性能已有了大量的报道,但对MOx的作用机理的研究还较少涉及。为此,本文首先回答了为什么MOx能改善膜的高温低湿性能,然后分别评述了MOx在无机/有机复合膜、功能化无机/有机复合膜及固体无机质子交换膜中的应用及研究进展。最后分析认为,在高温低湿条件下,虽然MOx表面的OH等基团对提高质子交换膜的保水性能及电导率起到了至关重要的作用,但复合膜的电导率仍相对较低。相比之下,采用全无机氧化物陶瓷/杂多酸复合的固体质子交换膜可具有较高的热稳定性,而且在高温条件下还可保持较高的电导率,是一种非学有应用前景的复合质子交换膜。
Abstract
This review reports on the functions andapplications of nanoceramic oxides in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs). Such materials are mainly used as fillers to enhance the water uptakeand proton conductivity of polymeric matrices at high temperatures under lowrelative humid- ity. To further enhance the mechanical property of protonexchange membranes (PEMs), the func- tionalized ceramic oxides with organicgroups are introduced. Furthermore, the inorganic PEMs are developed to improvetheir proton conductivities at elevated temperatures. Due to the inher- entdisadvantages of polymeric PEMs, it is believed that the inorganic PEMs basedon porous ceramic oxides are a promising new candidate as solid electrolytemembranes in PEMFCs at high temperatures and with low relative humidity.
Keywords: Ceramic Oxides, Proton ExchangeMembrane, Hybrid Membrane, Water Uptake, Proton Conductivity, PEM Fuel Cells.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169
2. Why Ceramic Oxides?. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171
3. Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Membranes . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172
4. Functionalized Inorganic/Organic HybridMembranes . . . . . . . . 1174
5. Inorganic PEM Membranes . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176
6.Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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