来自日本国防医学院神经外科和环境医学系的研究，最近发表在国际知名杂志《Shock.》。该文章设计相对简单，但思路清晰，有明确的新发现。非常值得重视的是，该文章首次报道了氢气对自噬的影响。虽然自噬研究非常热门，但过去从无关于氢气对自噬影响的报道。将对氢气的研究提供了难得的新信息。

自噬是一类自吃性细胞形态学改变，就是当细胞遭遇外来不利因素的时候，特别是能量缺乏时，细胞可以选择吃掉自身一部分的方法满足紧急的能量物质缺乏，当然这种改变目前已经发现具有非常重要的生理意义，是生物细胞分化发育的必要工具。在极端情况下，如伤害因素过大，细胞可因为过度自噬而死亡，被成为死亡的一种经典方式，与细胞凋亡和坏死并列为三类死亡方式。在中枢神经系统损伤中，自噬是有害有利目前尚无定论，有的神经损伤是有害的，例如急性损伤类，但有的是有利的，例如神经退行性疾病。无论如何这种重要的细胞死亡方式在神经系统损伤中的重要性是显然的，随着研究深入也将逐渐明确在各类损伤类型中的意义。研究氢气和自噬的关系可以从活性氧角度来考虑，因为活性氧是诱导自噬的一种重要因素。

全脑缺血再灌注损伤很容易导致患者死亡，自由基是脑缺血再灌注损伤具有重要作用，减少自由基对提高全脑缺血再灌注损伤存活率有一定价值。这里研究一种强大的自由基清除剂氢气对该疾病死亡率的影响。我们同时用组织学方法、脑水肿检测。160只雄性C57 BL/6J小鼠分成假手术组、模型组和治疗组3组，模型组动物给45分钟双侧颈总动脉结扎。治疗组呼吸1.3%氢气（国际上第一例该剂量的报道）。结果发现氢气治疗组7日动物生存率为50%（n=10），而对照组只有8.3%（n = 12）（简单的研究意义极大），两组比较有统计学差异（P = 0.0232）。形态学结果表明氢气可以减少脑缺血再灌注24小时后海马CA1区神经细胞损伤，减少细胞自噬数量，降低脑水肿。脑组织氧化指标8-OHdG和MDA检测结果和其他结果符合。结果表明，我们相信氢气可以提高全脑缺血患者生存率。

该研究的结果对心脏骤停、新生儿窒息、一氧化碳中毒、自缢、溺水、缺氧等这类全脑损伤的患者来说，是一个很值得联想的具有潜在治疗前景的手段。另外该研究来自军队医疗研究机构，提示这是一个具有军事应用价值的课题方向。

Shock. 2012 Mar 1. [Epub ahead of print]

Effect of Hydrogen Gas on the Survival Rate of Mice Following Global Cerebral Ischemia.

Nagatani K, Wada K, Takeuchi S, Kobayashi H, Uozumi Y, Otani N, Fujita M, Tachibana S, Nawashiro H.

Source

1Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan 2Division of Environmental Medicine, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) often result in high mortality. Free radicals (FRs) have been reported to play an important role in global cerebral I/R and, therefore, reduction of these might improve the outcome. Here, we investigated the effect of hydrogen gas (a strong FR scavenger) on the survival rate of mice following global cerebral I/R. We further examined the histopathological outcome, and also the brain water content (as a possible determinant of mortality). Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to global cerebral I/R by means of 45-min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). A total of 160 mice were divided into 3 groups: sham surgery (sham group); BCCAO without hydrogen gas (BCCAO group); and BCCAO treated with 1.3% hydrogen gas (BCCAO + H2 group). We observed that hydrogen gas treatment significantly (P = 0.0232) improved the 7-day survival rate of mice, from 8.3% (BCCAO group, n = 12) to 50% (BCCAO + H2 group, n = 10). Histopathological analysis revealed that hydrogen gas treatment significantly attenuated neuronal injury and autophagy in the hippocampal CA1 sector and also brain edema, after 24 hr of reperfusion. The beneficial effects of hydrogen gas treatment on brain injury were associated with significantly lower levels of oxidative stress markers (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde) in the brain tissue. Thus, we believe that hydrogen gas may be an effective treatment for global cerebral I/R.

PMID:

22392146

[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]