氢气是一种安全有效的抗氧化物质，是否可以作为妊高征的治疗药物？来自同济大学的课题组对这个问题进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明，氢气对这一疾病具有治疗效果，不仅对孕鼠，而且对婴儿都十分有利。这一报道将会启动氢气在妇产科领域的应用研究。

Placenta. 2011 Jul 15. [Epub ahead of print]

Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in preeclampsia rat model.

Yang X, Guo L, Sun X, Chen X, Tong X.

Source

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, 389 Xincun Rd., Shanghai 200065, PR China.

Abstract

Hydrogen has been reported as a novel antioxidant to selectively reduce levels of toxic reactive-oxygen species (ROS). We investigated the effects of hydrogen-rich saline on the prevention of oxidative injuries in N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) induced rat model of preeclampsia (PE). Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 50) were randomized into five groups: non-pregnant; normal pregnancy; pregnancy + hydrogen saline, 5 ml/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.); pregnancy + l-NAME, 60 mg/kg (i.p.); pregnancy + l-NAME + hydrogen saline rats. Terminations of pregnancy were performed on day 22 of gestation, when the placentas and kidneys were microscopically inspected; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were assessed; and the mean systolic BP, level of proteinuria, resorptions, and pups birth weights were recorded. It was found that the pups of hypertensive gravid rats treated with hydrogen-rich saline presented fewer number of resorptions than those of the group of pregnancy + l-NAME, 60 mg/kg i.p. (P < 0.05). Additionally, hydrogen-rich saline treatment decreased the blood and placental MDA, proteinuria and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-1β in the placental tissues compared with those in L-NAME-treated rats (all P < 0.05). The mean systolic BP showed no significant difference except on day 22 of gestation (P < 0.05). The preventive administration of hydrogen significantly attenuated the severity of PE, which might be ascribed to a reduction in inflammation response and oxidative stress. It could be concluded that hydrogen can be an effective antioxidant in the management of PE.

Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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妊娠高血压综合征症(简称妊高症)，即以往所说的妊娠中毒症、先兆子痫等，是孕妇特有的病症，多数发生在妊娠20周与产后两周，约占所有孕妇的5％。其中一部分还伴有蛋白尿或水肿出现，称之为妊娠高血压综合症，病情严重者会产生头痛、视力模糊、上腹痛等症状，若没有适当治疗，可能会引起全身性痉挛甚至昏迷。

妊娠高血压综合症的病因目前尚未确定，一般认为与下列因素有关。

    (1)子宫胎盘缺血　多胎妊娠，羊水过多，初产妇，子宫膨大过度，腹壁紧张等，都会使宫腔压力增大，子宫胎盘血流量减少或减慢，引起缺血缺氧，血管痉挛而致血压升高。也有人认为，胎盘或蜕膜组织缺血缺氧后，可产生一种加压物质，引起血管痉挛，使血压升高。

 　　(2)免疫与遗传　临床上经产妇妊高征较少见。妊高征之女患妊高征者较多。有人认为与孕妇隐性基因或隐性免疫反应基因有关。

 　　(3)前列腺素缺乏　前列腺素类物质能使血管扩张，一般体内加压物质和降压物质处于平衡状态，使血压维持在一定水平。血管扩张物质前列腺素减少了，血管壁对加压物质的反应性增高，于是血压升高。

妊娠高血压的药物选择，首选阿替洛尔或美托洛尔等B受体阻滞剂，这类降压药对妊娠后期无大碍，不会波及胎儿，比较安全。其次，硝苯地平、非洛地平等钙拮抗剂也可选用，但应注意产前半个月不宜再用，因其可抑制子宫平滑肌收缩，从而影响产程顺利进展。B阻滞剂和钙拮抗剂联合应用乱用于中度妊高征，联合应用时两类药物剂量小，副作用相对减少，较为安全。 　　如果B阻滞剂不能控制血压，特别是重度高血压时，可联合应用甲基多巴或肼苯哒嗪。一般认为这样的组合是比较安全的，严重副作用不多，对于已出现先兆子痫或子痫的妊高征妇女，应视为高血压急症而迅速降压。先用硫酸镁降压，效果不佳时改用硝普纳静滴或用硝酸甘油静滴或用硝酸甘油静滴比较安全。对于先兆子痫的降压标准，要求能迅速降至160～170/100～110mmHg，随后改用口服降压药，使血压继续降至满意水平。 　　应注意的问题的，血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI），神经节阻滞剂，胍乙啶，利血平等降压药均可通过胎盘引起胎儿出现严重问题而应当避免使用。利尿剂可能加重妊高征尤其是先兆子痫的血液浓缩，只有当妊高征合并心力衰竭或浮肿显著时，方可谨慎地小剂量使用。 　　对于妊高征之重度高血压，若药物治疗无效，为防止子痫发生而危及生命，应当考虑及时中止妊娠，保障孕妇安全。