英专家：人事实上是人和细菌的共生体

http://www.ebiotrade.com/newsf/2004-10/2004101493827.htm

俄罗斯消息报  人体组织中存在着各类微生物在科学界已经不再是什么新鲜事儿。但英国伦敦皇家大学的科学家们最近提出了一种理加“过份”的说法－－他们称，为了今后生物学和医学进一步发展的需要，我们必需接受一个新概念：我们不应该简单笼统地将人称之为人，而应该将其视为一个由人体细胞和非人体细胞混合而成的超级微生物聚合体。

英国科学家们称，这一说法其实并不难理解，人事实上就是人体细胞和一些微生物、细菌和各类病毒的聚合体。在这个庞大的的聚合体中，人的基因事实并没有占据优势地位。人体中含有数万亿个细胞和超过100万亿个微生物，其种类超过500多种。 

科学家们称，人与微生物的这种生物共生现象对双方都有好处。但遗憾的是在此之前科学家们对人与微生物的这种相互关系研究甚少。我们都知道，是微生物帮助着我们消化每天吃下去的食物，是微生物参与着我们对各类传染病的抵抗作用。

今后，随着此类研究的进一步深入，我们还将了解更多微生物与人体的和平互动关系。 

The discovery of microorganisms by Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Fellows of The Royal Society

H. Gest

Published:22 May 2004https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2004.0055 

Abstract

The existence of microscopic organisms was discovered during the period 1665–83 by two Fellows of The Royal Society, Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. In Micrographia (1665), Hooke presented the first published depiction of a microrganism, the microfungus Mucor. Later, Leeuwenhoek observed and described microscopic protozoa and bacteria. These important revelations were made possible by the ingenuity of Hooke and Leeuwenhoek in fabricating and using simple microscopes that magnified objects from about 25–fold to 250–fold. After a lapse of more than 150 years, microscopy became the backbone of our understanding of the roles of microbes in the causation of infectious diseases and the recycling of chemical elements in the biosphere.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsnr.2004.0055