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Abstract "Survival of the fittest" is the key issue in Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection for the species to leave the most copies of itself in successive generations. However, there is still no clear answer to address the old question: what is the purpose and the motivations for the animals and human beings lived in the earth? Unexpectedly, during our study on obesity and related diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipemia, and hypertension, we found that these kinds of chronic diseases were closely related with the human behavior on eating, where the key issue is that, the human hunger sensation comes from the gut flora other from the food-intake center in the human brain. When we used the flexible fasting technology to control the hunger sensation from the gut flora sending to the human brain, we finally know that not only our human beings but also the animals have the same hollow topology structure of gut, which is the home of the gut flora and the gut flora kept sending the eating signals to the brain of human and animals. Therefore, we decided to develop a new model, namely the ‘gut flora-centric theory of evolution (GFCTE)’, to bring new air for understanding the evolution of the animal world. In this model, we hypothesized that most of the animals were lived under the stress of hunger sensation comes from their special gut flora. Because the gut flora has the nature potential and possibility to breed their babies (which is the original power of the life and expressed as biochemical reactions), then the food-intake signals will cause the gut flora to get nutrition from the gut of the animals. When the animals felt that hunger sensation comes from their gut flora, which expressed as the gut flora ‘eating’ the gut mucosa, the animals will have to eat food to protect the gut mucosa against digestion and destruction by the gut flora. We considered this issue as the nature motivation of the eating behavior of the animals as well as the human beings. Different animals have their own special gut flora in their guts, while different gut flora also has special animals as their hosts. According to this issue, we finally recognized that the evolution of animals was strictly following the stress of the gut flora by sending the hunger sensation signals to their hosts, which means the animals were positively selected by the gut flora. Taken together, although the structure of the animal bodies was driven and controlled by theie own genomic DNA system, however, the animals were actually coevoluted under the stress of the genomic DNA system of their special gut flora. With more and more evidences on the material demands (typically and especially the food for the animals) were driven by the gut flora, our GFCTE theory will figure on this issue that the spiritual demands were driven by the human brains, where the animals are middle and different steps during the evolution from materials world to the spiritual world.
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