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阿尔金北缘尧勒萨依花岗岩的成因及构造意义:锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学制约
何 鹏1,2 杨 潘3 芦西战1,2 杨睿娜4 贺晓天1,2 李福斌1,2 张 焕1,2 杨毅明4
(1. 河南省自然资源科技创新中心(深部调查与评价技术方法研究) 郑州 450001;2. 河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质勘查院 郑州 450001;3. 中国矿业大学(北京) 北京 100083;4. 河南省地质矿产勘查开发局
第二地质矿产调查院 郑州 450001)
摘 要 尧勒萨依花岗岩出露于阿尔金北缘西段尧勒萨依河下游至河口一带,岩性为黑云二长花岗岩。为确定尧勒萨依花岗岩形成时代、成因和构造环境,本文从岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学方面进行研究。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,显示年龄为240±2 Ma,形成时代为中生代早期晚三叠世。其高硅(SiO2=69.68%~70.64%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O)=9.61%~9.87%,里特曼指数σ=3.34~3.63,呈碱性;铝饱和指数(A/CNK)=0.73~0.80,属准铝质;大离子亲石元素U、Th、K、Rb等相对富集,高场强元素Ti、P、Ta、Nb等相对亏损;稀土含量较高,相对富集轻稀土且分馏明显,(La/Yb)N=79.80~88.40,Eu弱亏损(δEu=0.79~0.85)。根据岩体成因类型及区域构造演化特征,认为尧勒萨依花岗岩为壳幔混合的Ⅰ型花岗岩,形成于阿尔金断裂走滑局部应力释放的伸展环境。
关键词 岩石地球化学 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学 Ⅰ型花岗岩 阿尔金北缘 晚三叠世
Petrogenesis and tectonic implication of Yaolesayi granite in north Altyn-Tagh: Constraints from the zircon U-Pb ages and geochemistry
He Peng1,2 Yang Pan3 Lu Xizhan1,2 Yang Ruina4 He Xiaotian1,2 Li Fubin1,2 Yang Yiming4
(1. Science and Technology Innovation Centre of Nature Resources of Henan Provinces/ Research on Technique and Method of Deep Investigation and Evaluation, Zhengzhou 45000; 2. No.2 Institute of Geological Exploration of Henan, Zhengzhou 450001;
3. China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083; 4. No.2 Institute of Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Henan, Zhengzhou 450001)
Abstract
The granite distributed in midstream of the Yaolesayi River, the western part of North Altyn-Tagh, is mainly composed of biotite monzonitic granite. In order to find out the origin, formation age and tectonic setting of intrusive rocks in this area, studies of petrology, zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemistry were carried out. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating obtains the age of 240±2 Ma, corresponding to Late Triassic period of Early Mesozoic. We have learnt that the granite in research area is rich in silicon (SiO2=69.68%~70.64%) and alkali (Na2O+K2O)=9.61%~9.87%. The Rittman index of the granite is 3.34~3.63, which shows a characteristic of alkaline series. The aluminum oversaturated index (A/CNK) is 0.73~0.80, which is a metaluminous series. The granite is rich in LILEs such as U, Th, K and Rb and depleted in HFSEs such as Ti, P, Ta and Nb. The granite is also characterized by high SREE, LREE enrichment, notable light and heavy REE fractionation ((La/Yb)N=79.80~88.40) and negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.79~0.85). These characteristics suggest that the granite in research area is Ⅰ-type granite with a crust-mantle mixing origin. According to the regional geological data, it is considered that the Yaolesayi granite was formed in the extensional environment of local stress release of the Altyn fault.
Keywords Petrogeochemistry, LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb chronology,Ⅰ-type granites, North Altyn Tagh,Late Triassic
阿尔金山脉位于青藏高原与塔里木盆地交界处,是我国中央造山带的西段(刘良等,1999;何鹏,2021;何鹏等,2021)。其初始形成于古生代加里东期,早期经历板块相互俯冲—碰撞作用,中、新生代又经历走滑运动,是由形成于不同时期、不同构造环境地质体所组成的复合造山带(车自成等,1995;许志琴等,1999;董顺利等,2013)。
由于阿尔金山地处关键位置,其两侧构造单元存在巨大差异,导致某些重要构造线(蛇绿岩带、高压变质岩带)至此突然终止或方向改变。因此,近年来阿尔金及其周边地区的研究逐渐受到学者们的关注,但大部分研究仅聚焦在前寒武纪及早古生代(许志琴等,1999;刘永顺等,2009;张建新等,2011;董顺利等,2013,何鹏等,2021),而对阿尔金造山带印支期地质构造格架、大地构造属性以及岩石组成的认识和研究较少(李海兵等,2001,何鹏等,2021)。
本文第一作者主持阿尔金北缘拜什托格拉克5万区调项目过程中,在调查区中部尧勒萨依河中-下游采集样品并进行测试,发现锆石U-Pb年龄为240±2 Ma是印支期花岗岩。本文通过野外观察、岩石学、地球化学和年代学等研究手段,限定尧勒萨依花岗岩地球化学特征及形成时代,探讨了尧勒萨依花岗岩的成因和构造环境,进而对阿尔金北缘西段地区地质构造演化发展提供新线索(何鹏,2021)。
图1 阿尔金造山带构造简图(a、b,据校培喜,2012脚注修改)和研究区地质
简图(c,据陈培伟等,2019脚注修改)
Ⅰ. 阿北地块;Ⅱ. 拉配泉-红柳沟(蛇绿)构造混杂岩带;Ⅲ. 阿中地块;Ⅲ1. 浅变质岩隆起带;Ⅲ2. 深变质杂岩隆起带;Ⅳ. 茫崖-阿帕(蛇绿)构造混杂岩带。XIZANG. 西藏;INP. 印度板块;HMLY. 喜马拉雅山;EKL. 东昆仑山;WKL. 西昆仑山;QDB. 柴达木盆地;QL. 祁连山;TRB. 塔里木盆地
Fig. 1 Tectonic sketch map of the Altyn Tagh (a, b. modified from Xiao et al., 2012) and simplified geological map of the study area (c. modified from Chen et al., 2019)
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