“超加工”描述了许多食品，包括食品杂货店冷冻柜中的预先准备好的食品、包装好的烘焙食品、脱水汤、冰淇淋、含糖谷类食品和起泡饮料。

星期三发表在英国医学杂志（BMJ）链接上的两项独立研究表明，食用这种受欢迎的工厂制造的食品会增加患心血管疾病的风险，并增加早死的风险。虽然还没有建立起直接的因果关系，但这两项研究的研究人员指出，以前的研究表明，超加工食品消费与肥胖、高血压、高胆固醇甚至某些癌症的风险更高有关。

“未加工或最低加工”食品类别包括水果、蔬菜、豆类、牛奶、鸡蛋、肉类、家禽、鱼类和海鲜、酸奶、谷物（白米和意大利面）和天然果汁。盐、糖、蜂蜜、橄榄油、黄油和猪油被列为“加工原料”，而“加工食品”包括奶酪、面包、啤酒、葡萄酒、腌制传统火腿和培根。最后一类包括超加工食品，如果馅饼、西班牙辣味香肠、香肠、蛋黄酱、薯片、披萨、饼干、巧克力和糖果、人工甜味饮料和威士忌、杜松子酒和朗姆酒。

Ultraprocessed foods are easy, cheap and could be killing you

https://edition.cnn.com/2019/05/29/health/ultraprocessed-foods-heart-disease-early-death-study/index.html

New evidence links ultra-processed foods with a range of health risks

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190529221040.htm

Journal References:

1. Bernard Srour, Léopold K Fezeu, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Benjamin Allès, Caroline Méjean, Roland M Andrianasolo, Eloi Chazelas, Mélanie Deschasaux, Serge Hercberg, Pilar Galan, Carlos A Monteiro, Chantal Julia, Mathilde Touvier. Ultra-processed food intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study (NutriNet-Santé). BMJ, 2019; l1451 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l1451

2. Anaïs Rico-Campà, Miguel A Martínez-González, Ismael Alvarez-Alvarez, Raquel de Deus Mendonça, Carmen de la Fuente-Arrillaga, Clara Gómez-Donoso, Maira Bes-Rastrollo. Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and all cause mortality: SUN prospective cohort study. BMJ, 2019; l1949 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l1949

3. Mark A Lawrence, Phillip I Baker. Ultra-processed food and adverse health outcomes. BMJ, 2019; l2289 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l2289