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引力可能是随机量子涨落的结果
多年来,科学家一直试图调和引力和量子两者之间的差异。自爱因斯坦时代起,他们就一直在宏观领域(由引力和牛顿定律所支配)和量子宇宙(量子宇宙支配着超小的行为)之间的混乱和矛盾中挣扎。一些专家试图通过引入一个称为“量子引力”的概念来弥合量子力学和引力之间的鸿沟。但这一理论有其局限性,物理学家们仍在寻找其他解释。
A sticky point in quantum mechanics is that it requires an “observer” of some kind—whether conscious human or not, it’s unclear—to collapse what’s called a wavefunction (a collection of probabilities) into a single reality. Physicists are using a particular feature of a workaround to this problem as a way to finally merge quantum mechanics and gravity.
Here’s Anil Ananthaswamy, reporting for New Scientist:
One solution to such paradoxes is a so-called GRW model that was developed in the late 1980s. It incorporates “flashes,” which are spontaneous random collapses of the wave function of quantum systems. The outcome is exactly as if there were measurements being made, but without explicit observers.
Tilloy has modified this model to show how it can lead to a theory of gravity. In his model, when a flash collapses a wave function and causes a particle to be in one place, it creates a gravitational field at that instant in space-time. A massive quantum system with a large number of particles is subject to numerous flashes, and the result is a fluctuating gravitational field.
The average of these fluctuations is a gravitational field that is consistent with Newton’s theory of gravity. In this model, gravity is born out of quantum mechanics, but is not in itself a quantum-mechanical force. It is what scientists call “semiclassical.” Until this theory is tested further, it will remain a semi-solution; while the idea does predict certain known phenomena, it doesn’t yet account for Einstein’s theory of general relativity.
见:
Gravity Could Be the Result of Random Quantum Fluctuations — NOVA Next
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