A video from MinutePhysics asks the question: why does time move forward? And furthermore, why does it never move backward? The answer: it's all about entropy. Though in microscopic physics, time is treated as directionally neutral--it doesn't matter which direction it's going--the Second Law of Thermodynamics explains why time moves forward only in our visible world. This law states that any substance will move from a low entropy state to a high entropy state (from order to chaos) over time. What does that mean for our universe? If we are inevitably moving to a high entropy state, that would imply that we currently are in a lower entropy state, and that earlier in time our universes' entropy
The leading theory of the Moon’s formation is that an impactor hit the Earth and created a debris field that coalesced into the moon. Where is the impactor now? Has anyone ever looked or speculated as to what happened to it? Have they ever! We have a pretty good general idea, but the details of how that collision happened are still a very active field of study. In order to go into more details on how that particular impact may have happened, we need to have a good understanding of how impacts work in general, before we scale up to the one that created our Moon. Impacts between any two objects are all about energy. The more energy you have, the bigger a mark you’re going to leave. There are two
It’s not that often that we hear about major breakthroughs in nuclear research, and now such announcements, at least in the U.S., may become more infrequent. Researchers at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) in New Jersey are now trying to determine what exactly was behind the reactor’s failure, which could turn out to be a lengthy engagement. The real travesty of the situation is that it means the U.S. has only one major facility in which to conduct nuclear fusion experiments. One of the only other reactors in the country, the Alcator C-Mod reactor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, was scheduled to shut down on Friday after more than 20 years of operations.
We don’t want to scare you, but our own Milky Way is on a collision course with Andromeda, the closest spiral galaxy to our own. At some point during the next few billion years, our galaxy and Andromeda - which also happen to be the two largest galaxies in the Local Group - are going to come together, and with catastrophic consequences. Stars will be thrown out of the galaxy, others will be destroyed as they crash into the merging supermassive black holes. And the delicate spiral structure of both galaxies will be destroyed as they become a single, giant, elliptical galaxy. But as cataclysmic as this sounds, this sort of process is actually a natural part of galactic evolution. Astronomers have