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毒物兴奋效应HE与抗衰老研究

王俊  印大中^**

蛋白质化学与发育生物学教育部重点实验室，湖南师范大学生命科学学院，湖南 长沙 410081 中国

摘要  某些毒物在低剂量时对生物体的刺激导致反馈改善的现象，简称“毒物兴奋效应”(hormetic effects, HE), 是一个近年发展兴起的生物细胞及生物体抗应激、抗衰老研究的新领域，其分子机制正在被逐步阐明。某些轻微的生物应激, 如: 热应激、重力应激、运动应激、损伤应激及限食应激等，也能在生物体内产生一连串的级联放大效应，进而诱发多种协同的和多效的分子作用，从而对机体健康产生反馈保护的效果。由于导致机体防御能力的增加和大分子损伤的减少，HE在生命平衡系统中起到了重要的“疫苗样”作用。同时，HE理论也为生物体代谢及平衡的波动范围，机体的抗应激能力，细胞的适应性和存活率提供了更为广泛合理的科学解释。换言之，HE减少了某些环境伤害对“人体平衡态区域”的压缩，而这种平衡态区域的压缩就是引起衰老，疾病甚至死亡的最基本原因。因此，健康老龄化也许可以通过这种温和的周期性HE刺激来实现。

关键词：毒物兴奋效应; 抗衰老; 稳态; 长寿; 应激

Hormetic Effects and Antiaging Research*

Wang Jun, Yin Dazhong**

Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.  

**Corresponding author: Yin Dazhong, E-mail: dazhongyin002@126.com

Abstract  As a new frontier for anti-stress and anti-aging research in cells and organisms, the molecular mechanisms of low dose toxin-stimulated biological modification, namely hormetic effects (HE), have been gradually clarified in recent years. Some mild stresses, such as heat, hypergravity, exercise, deterioration and caloric restriction stress, which lead to biologically benificial effects that are synergistic and pleiotropic, have strong feedback protection for living oganisms. HE substances, playing a vaccine-like function, in homeostasis of various lives performed important role in increasing defense capacity and reducing load of damaged biological macromolecules. Hormetic strengthening of the homeodynamic space provides wider margins for metabolic fluctuation, stress tolerance, cellular adaptation and survival. In other words, hormesis counterbalances the progressive shrinkage of the homeodynamic space that is an unified index of biological aging, degenerative diseases, and animal death. Nevertheless, healthy aging may be achieved following treatments of mild and periodic HE-associated stresses.

Keywords  Hormetic effects (HE); Anti-aging; Homeostasis; Longevity; Stress