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D触发器(D-type Flip Flop,DFF)的功能是实现信号的时钟同步;其输入信号,只在时钟信号到来后,才出现在输出端。
基于约瑟夫森结的DFF电路,如图1(a)所示;其MFF图,如图1(b)所示,是根据载流子流图符号规则进行绘制的。
图1. 约瑟夫森结DFF电路及其MFF图
图2使用MFF图,直观展示了约瑟夫森结DFF电路的工作机制。可以看到,由上一级电路传入DFF的磁通量子,只有在时钟信号的触发下,才能输出到下一级;这就是时钟同步功能。
图2. 用MFF图展示的DFF电路工作原理
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电磁场通量分配模型(Electromagnetic-Flux-Distribution Model)[1]是一种以电荷和磁通为载流子,分析电路,特别是相位相关(phase-dependent)电路(如约瑟夫森结电路,相滑移结电路)的通用模型;其对应的 磁通流通图(Magnetic-Flux-Flow diagram,MFF diagram)[2][3]和电通流图(Electric-charge-flow diagram,ECF diagram)[4] 是描绘电荷和磁通传输的新型交互式电路图,能帮助我们更直观地分析载流子的电磁场相互作用,加深对电路功能的理解。特别的,MFF图以磁通为载流子,直观地诠释了 具有宏观量子效应的超导约瑟夫森结电路 的工作原理。
[1] Y. L. Wang, "An Electromagnetic-Flux-Distribution Model for Analyses of Superconducting Josephson Junction Circuits and Quantum Phase-Slip Junction Circuits," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1-6, Aug 2022.
[2] Y. L. Wang, "Magnetic-Flux-Flow Diagrams for Design and Analysis of Josephson Junction Circuits," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1-8, Oct 2023
[3] Y. L. Wang, "A general flux-Based Circuit Theory for Superconducting Josephson Junction Circuits," arXiv:2308.01693, pp. 1-35, 2023.https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv. 2308.01693
[4] Y. L. Wang, " Electromagnetic-Field-Based Circuit Theory and Charge-Flux-Flow Diagrams," arXiv:2403.16025, pp. 1-40, 2024.https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.16025
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