The Role of Adipose Tissue-derived Exosomes in Chronic Metabolic Disorders

作者：Rui He & Yong Chen

编辑荐读

在当前的医学研究中，脂肪组织来源的外泌体（AT Exos）因其在慢性代谢性疾病中的潜在作用而受到了广泛关注。本篇综述深入探讨了AT Exos在调节代谢过程中的多重角色，以及它们作为生物标志物和治疗剂的潜力。文章首先介绍了代谢综合征的病理基础，突出了肥胖与代谢疾病之间的密切联系。随后，详细阐述了外泌体的生物合成过程、组成成分以及它们如何被目标细胞摄取，进而影响细胞功能。

特别值得关注的是，AT Exos在肥胖、2型糖尿病和非酒精性脂肪肝病等代谢性疾病中的调节作用。研究表明，这些外泌体能够通过携带蛋白质、miRNA和脂质等生物活性分子，影响胰岛素敏感性器官的功能，从而在疾病的发展中起到关键作用。此外，文章还讨论了AT Exos作为诊断工具的潜力，它们所携带的特定分子可以作为评估代谢健康状况的生物标志物。同时，鉴于AT Exos的天然特性和靶向能力，它们也被认为在代谢性疾病治疗中具有巨大潜力。

尽管AT Exos的研究前景广阔，但在将其转化为临床应用之前，仍需克服包括外泌体的分离、纯化和功能验证在内的技术挑战。本综述为读者提供了一个全面的视角，以理解AT Exos在代谢性疾病中的复杂作用，并强调了进一步研究的必要性，以实现这些外泌体在疾病诊断和治疗中的转化应用。

He, R., Chen, Y. The Role of Adipose Tissue-derived Exosomes in Chronic Metabolic Disorders. CURR MED SCI 44, 463–474 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11596-024-2902-2

// Abstract

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Excessive fat deposition in obese subjects promotes the occurrence of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adipose tissue is not only the main form of energy storage but also an endocrine organ that not only secretes adipocytokines but also releases many extracellular vesicles (EVs) that play a role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism. Exosomes are a subtype of EVs, and accumulating evidence indicates that adipose tissue exosomes (AT Exos) mediate crosstalk between adipose tissue and multiple organs by being transferred to targeted cells or tissues through paracrine or endocrine mechanisms. However, the roles of AT Exos in crosstalk with metabolic organs remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress on the role of AT Exos in the regulation of metabolic disorders. Moreover, we discuss the potential role of AT Exos as biomarkers in metabolic diseases and their clinical application.

团队简介

陈勇团队长期从事肥胖、糖尿病等慢性代谢性疾病相关研究，尤其是在糖脂代谢紊乱的调控机制方面，已积累大量研究基础，研究成果处于国际领域的前沿。本团队是集基础研究，临床研究和临床转化于一体的综合性研究团队。本团队长期招聘博士后，联系方式：tj.y.chen@vip.163.com