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Phenomics | 泰州脑影像队列最新研究揭示循环代谢物介导心血管健康指标与认知功能下降的关联

已有 994 次阅读 2023-11-21 16:58 |系统分类:论文交流


The HumanPhenome Project近日,《表型组学》(Phenomics)在线发表了复旦大学人类表型组研究院陈兴栋研究员与唐惠儒教授课题组题为“Circulating lipoproteins mediate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline: a community-based cohort study”的联合研究论文。该研究基于泰州脑影像队列,通过核磁共振检测725名研究对象基线血清代谢物水平,在纵向随访中捕捉认知下降结局,并进一步分析了代谢物在心血管健康指标评分和认知功能下降关联之间的中介作用,为痴呆的早期筛查和防控提供了线索。

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论文pdf链接:
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引用格式:
Li, J., Huang, Q., Wang, Y. et al. Circulating Lipoproteins Mediate the Association Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Decline: A Community-Based Cohort Study. Phenomics (2023). doi.org/10.1007/s43657-
研究背景
痴呆是一种病程大多不可逆的神经退行性综合症,在人口老龄化趋势下其患者数量迅速增加,是全球重要的公共卫生挑战之一。痴呆与心血管疾病在其危险因素及疾病发展特征方面有着许多相似和交叉,控制可改变的心血管危险因素可能有助于降低痴呆的疾病负担。同时,心血管健康会影响机体循环代谢水平,而其中的脂质和脂蛋白在维持脑内稳态和神经功能方面更是发挥着关键作用。然而,目前对脂蛋白亚型及其成分的探索仍然有限,而且循环脂蛋白在心血管危险因素与认知关联中的潜在作用仍不明确。在该研究中,研究人员基于社区前瞻性队列,探索了循环代谢物水平在心血管健康指标评分和认知下降关联之间的潜在中介作用。
研究方法和结果

研究人员首先基于泰州脑影像队列,通过流行病学问卷及医学检查调查了研究对象基线的心血管危险因素,包括抽烟、锻炼、睡眠、饮食、身体质量指数、血压和血糖,并构建了个体心血管健康评分;同时收集研究对象的血清样本,通过核磁共振检测了基线调查时脂质、脂蛋白等多种代谢物水平并随访观察研究对象认知变化情况。
首先,研究共纳入725名中位年龄60岁的研究对象。结果显示,心血管健康评分与总体认知下降仅有适度关联(HR < 1, p = 0.07-0.12),但心血管健康评分每增加一分与注意力和定向力下降风险分别降低11%和16%显著相关。
其次,在基线血清代谢物与基线认知分数的横断面分析中,研究者发现27和72个代谢物分别与MMSE和MoCA分数(两种代表整体认知功能的评分)显著相关。其中,小型高密度脂蛋白(HDL)(HDL-4: 1.125-1.210kg/L)中的胆固醇占总脂质的百分比与较低的整体认知分数相关。基线血清代谢物与认知下降风险的纵向分析发现,HDL相关的多个组分水平与认知下降风险降低显著相关,特别是在短期记忆和定向力认知域中(图1)。例如,载脂蛋白A1(Apo A1)和A2(Apo A2)增加与短期记忆下降风险降低相关(HR分别为0.82和0.81)。

图1 脂蛋白与纵向认知能力下降之间的关系

进一步探索心血管健康与循环代谢物的关联,研究者发现心血管健康评分与HDL相关代谢表型间也存在显著正向关联。基于以上结果,研究人员利用中介分析进一步发现,中型HDL(HDL-2: 1.100-1.112 kg/L; HDL-3: 1.112-1.125 kg/L)组分显著介导了心血管健康与定向力下降风险之间的关联(中介率7.73%-8.21%,图2)。例如,HDL-3中的Apo-A1中在心血管健康评分与定向力下降关联中的中介率为7.75%。

图2 中介分析结果



研究意义

该研究基于泰州脑影像队列,利用代谢组学技术全面分析了循环代谢物水平在心血管健康评分与认知下降关联中的作用。围绕不同脂蛋白亚类和组分的详细讨论扩展了我们对传统临床血脂指标的理解。研究结果表明,对心血管危险因素的宣教和管理可能会带来心血管疾病之外的公共健康收益。研究同时还发现循环脂蛋白是心血管危险因素与老年人群认知功能下降的重要中介因素,这也提示了未来其作为痴呆早期筛查和防控的关键靶标的潜力。

Abstract
Cardiovascular health metrics are now widely recognized as modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia. Metabolic perturbations might play roles in the linkage of cardiovascular diseases and dementia. Circulating metabolites profiling by metabolomics may improve understanding of the potential mechanism by which cardiovascular risk factors contribute to cognitive decline. In a prospective community-based cohort in China (n = 725), 312 serum metabolic phenotypes were quantified, and cardiovascular health score was calculated including smoking, exercise, sleep, diet, body mass index, blood pressure, and blood glucose. Cognitive function assessments were conducted in baseline and follow-up visits to identify longitudinal cognitive decline. A better cardiovascular health was significantly associated with lower risk of concentration decline and orientation decline (hazard ratio (HR): 0.84–0.90; p < 0.05). Apolipoprotein-A1, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid concentrations were significantly associated with a lower risk of longitudinal memory and orientation decline (p < 0.05 and adjusted-p < 0.20). Mediation analysis suggested that the negative association between health status and the risk of orientation decline was partly mediated by cholesterol ester and total lipids in HDL-2 and -3 (proportion of mediation: 7.68–8.21%, both p < 0.05). Cardiovascular risk factors were associated with greater risks of cognitive decline, which were found to be mediated by circulating lipoproteins, particularly the medium-size HDL components. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing lipoproteins as targets for early stage dementia screening and intervention.


人类表型组研究院博士生李佳琳、博士后黄庆霞为本文的第一作者,蒋艳峰青年研究员、陈兴栋研究员和唐惠儒教授为本文的通讯作者,金力教授、崔梅教授等对本文亦有贡献。

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